Artículos

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://docta.ucm.es/handle/20.500.14352/15

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Electronic structure of Gd/W(110): from one atomic layer to bulk
(Applied Surface Science, 2026) González García, Álvaro Antonio; Álvarez Chico, Alejandro; Aramburu Merino, Nekane; Obando Guevara, Jairo; Gallego, Silvia; Atxitia, Unai; Cojocariu, Iulia; Jugovac, Matteo; Menteş, Tevfik Onur; Locatelli, Andrea; Mascaraque Susunaga, Arantzazu; González Barrio, Miguel Ángel
We investigate the growth, crystalline and electronic structure of ultrathin gadolinium (Gd) films deposited on a W(110) substrate, using a multi-modal approach that combines low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and microscopy (LEEM), together with laterally- and angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). We focus on the evolution from the monolayer to bulk-like behavior. The Gd lattice constant relaxes to its bulk value for a thickness of 3 Gd atomic layers (ML). ARPES measurements, combined with ab initio calculations, reveal a systematic progression of the Gd-derived electronic states with increasing thickness, with clear bulk-like features already at thicknesses of 3 ML, and a reduced influence of the substrate. This study provides a comprehensive ARPES and LEED investigation of Gd/W(110) across the ultrathin thickness range, filling a significant gap in the understanding of dimensional crossover in rare-earths. Our results shed new light on how the interplay between reduced dimensionality and substrate interaction shapes the behavior of ultrathin magnetic films, offering a model platform for exploring quantum size effects and correlation-driven phenomena in low-dimensional 4f systems.
Operators with the Kato Property on Banach Spaces
(Results in Mathematics, 2026) Jiménez Sevilla, María Del Mar; Lajara, Sebastián; Ruiz Risueño, Miguel Ángel
We consider a class of bounded linear operators between Banach spaces, which we call operators with the Kato property, that includes the family of strictly singular operators between those spaces. We show that if T : E → F is a dense-range operator with that property and E has a separable quotient, then for each proper dense operator range R ⊂ E there exists a closed subspace X ⊂ E such that E/X is separable, T(X) is dense in F and R+ X is infinite-codimensional. If E∗ is weak∗-separable, the subspace X can be built so that, in addition to the former properties, R ∩ X = {0}. Some applications to the geometry of Banach spaces are given. In particular, we provide the next extensions of well-known results of Johnson and Plichko: if X and Y are quasicomplemented but not complemented subspaces of a Banach space E and X has a separable quotient, then X contains a closed subspace X1 such that dim(X/X1) = ∞ and X1 is a quasicomplement of Y , and if T : E → F is an operator with non-closed range and E has a separable quotient, then there exists a weak∗-closed subspace Z ⊂ E∗ such that T ∗(F∗) ∩ Z = {0}. Some refinements of these results, in the case that E∗ is weak∗-separable, are also given. Finally, we show that if E is a Banach space with a separable quotient, then E∗ is weak∗-separable if, and only if, for every closed subspace X ⊂ E and every proper dense operator range R ⊂ E containing X there exists a quasicomplement Y of X in E such that Y ∩ R = {0}.
Replacing the natural savanna matrix with eucalyptus plantations and soybean fields changes the seed rain promoted by bats in Amazonian savannas
(Biological Conservation, 2026) Xavier, Bruna S.; Vizentin-Bugoni, Jeferson; Ferreira, Marcelo M.; Marques, Tiago M.; Hilário, Renato R.; Toledo, José J.; Castro, Isaí J.; Mustin Carvalho, Karen; Palmeirim, Jorge M.; Vieira, Marcus V.; Carvalho, William D.
The advance of plantations and croplands into natural areas has catalysed the loss of species and ecosystem functions worldwide. This loss appears to be more intense in tropical regions and may strongly impact groups essential for maintaining forests, such as bats. We evaluated the consequences of land-use changes on seed dispersal carried out by bats in the Savannas of Amapá, northeast of the Brazilian Amazon. More specifically, we compared the metrics of seed dispersal networks of the natural savanna matrix in relation to soybean or eucalyptus matrix, as well as between forest patches inserted in the natural savanna matrix in relation to forest patches inserted in soybean or eucalyptus matrix. Replacing the natural savanna matrix with croplands and plantations in the Savannas of Amapá causes the near disappearance of seed dispersal interactions and a collapse of the network structure in croplands. In addition, the seed dispersal networks in cultivated landscapes were more centered on a few, more abundant and generalist dispersers, which were more linked to pioneer plant species. Our results show that changes in the natural savanna matrix have drastic consequences on the seed rain promoted by bats, which can directly impact the ecological dynamics of the different habitats that comprise this Amazonian ecosystem. Maintaining natural habitats, such as forest and savanna, in cultivated landscapes is crucial and would reduce this negative impact. Savanna remnants can help maintain the original dynamics of bat communities in the landscape and the integrity and robustness of seed dispersal networks promoted by bats.
Role of canonical biplot method in the study of building stones: an example from Spanish monumental heritage
(Environmetrics, 2005) Varas Muriel, María Josefa; Vicente-Tavera, S.; Molina, E.; Vicente-Villardón, J. L.
In this work, the canonical biplot (CB) method (Vicente-Villardón, 1992; Gower and Hand, 1996) is used to determine the origin, distribution, conservation and pollution state of the different types of stones used in the construction and restoration of monuments of great historical interest. The stone materials (sandstones) used in the Cathedral of Ciudad Rodrigo (Salamanca, Spain) have been used to assess the usefulness of the method. The age of this monument (eight centuries), together with the surrounding environmental conditions, have especially contributed to the pollution of the stone masonries, in comparison to the same stones identified in the original quarries. The CB method has allowed us to: (a) identify the sandstone varieties used in the construction; (b) locate the original quarries of these sandstones; (c) locate these materials in the building, and (d) detect the pollution and deterioration affecting the stones in the monument, in comparison to the stones of the original quarries. Copyright # 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of low dietary inclusion of nutraceuticals derived from microalgae to enhance intestinal function in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles
(Scientific Reports, 2026) Galafat, Alba; Sáez, M. I.; Vizcaíno, A. J.; Barany Ruiz, André; Perera, E.; Sánchez Ruiz, D.; Martínez, T. F.; Fuentes, J.; Martos Sitcha, J. A.; Alarcón López, F. J.
Development of more sustainable aquaculture requires alternatives to traditional fishmeal and fish oil in aquafeeds. Among the options, microalgae have emerged as promising functional ingredient, with the potential to provide additional benefits in aquaculture animals. The objective of this piece of research was to assess the effect of the microalgal-based functional ingredients, LB-GUThealth and LB-GREENboost on the intestinal function in juvenile gilthead seabream. Digestive enzyme activities, intestinal mucosa structure and ultrastructure, expression of key intestinal genes, and parameters like transepithelial resistance and permeability were analyzed after administration of feeds supplemented with those algal-based ingredients at two dietary levels (0.5 and 1%) during 91 days. Results indicated improvements in feed utilization efficiency, reflected by an expansion of the absorptive surface of the intestinal mucosa, enlargement of the apical surface of enterocytes and extension of microvilli length, together with elevated activity levels of digestive enzymes involved in macronutrient digestion. Additionally, no alterations were observed in basal gene expression related to permeability or the immune system, nor in the bioelectrical parameters associated with the integrity of the intestinal barrier. Results obtained evidenced that the algal-based ingredients tested seem to be useful for improving the intestinal functionality in juvenile gilthead seabream.
The use of Diathermic Syncope® for stunning cattle
(EFSA Journal, 2026) Nielsen, Søren Saxmose; Álvarez Sánchez, Julio; Boklund, Anette; Dippel, Sabine; Fernanda Dorea; Figuerola, Jordi; Herskin, Mette S.; Miranda Chueca, Miguel Angel; Nannoni, Eleonora; Nonno, Romolo; Riber, Anja B.; Stahl, Karl; Stegeman, Jan Arend; Thulke, Hans-Hermann; Tuyttens, Frank; Michel, Virginie; Winckler, Christoph; Raj, Mohan; Velarde, Antonio; Vyssotski, Alexei; Van der Stede, Yves; Manakidou, Aikaterini
The EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW) was asked to deliver a sci-entific opinion on the use of Diathermic Syncope® (DTS) for stunning cattle. A dos-sier was provided by the applicant as the basis for an assessment of the extent towhich the method is able to provide a level of animal welfare at least equivalent tothat ensured by the currently allowed methods for stunning cattle. This scientificopinion followed the EFSA Guidance (2018) on the assessment criteria for applica-tions for new or modified stunning methods regarding animal protection at timeof killing. Under Council Regulation (EC) No 1099/2009, approval of novel stunningmethods requires demonstration of (1) the absence of pain, distress or sufferinguntil the onset of unconsciousness and (2) that the animal remains unconsciousuntil death. An ad hoc Working Group (WG) by EFSA performed the assessmentas follows: (1) check of provided data against the criteria laid down in the EFSAGuidance; (2) extensive literature search; (3) data extraction and quantitative as-sessment; (4) exercise based on non-formal expert elicitation and qualitative as-sessment. Although the data and studies provided in the dossier only partiallyfulfilled the necessary criteria, they were sufficient to proceed with the animalwelfare risk assessment. According to the data and the use of DTS parameterisedby the applicant (delivering 160–200 kJ of energy and an incident power of 16–20kW for 10 s), DTS does not ensure a level of welfare at least equivalent to one ormore of the currently allowed methods listed in Annex I of Council Regulation (EC)No 1099/2009.
Population genomics and antimicrobial resistance dynamics of Escherichia coli in wastewater and river environments
(Communications Biology, 2021) Delgado Blas, José Francisco; Ovejero, Cristina M.; David, Sophia; Montero Serra, Natalia; Calero-Caceres, William; Garcillan-Barcia, M. Pilar; de la Cruz, Fernando; Muniesa, Maite; Aanensen, David M.; González Zorn, Bruno
Aquatic environments are key niches for the emergence, evolution and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. However, the population diversity and the genetic elements that drive the dynamics of resistant bacteria in different aquatic environments are still largely unknown. The aim of this study was to understand the population genomics and evolutionary events of Escherichia coli resistant to clinically important antibiotics including aminoglycosides, in anthropogenic and natural water ecosystems. Here we show that less different E. coli sequence types (STs) are identified in wastewater than in rivers, albeit more resistant to antibiotics, and with significantly more plasmids/cell (6.36 vs 3.72). However, the genomic diversity within E. coli STs in both aquatic environments is similar. Wastewater environments favor the selection of conserved chromosomal structures associated with diverse flexible plasmids, unraveling promiscuous interplasmidic resistance genes flux. On the contrary, the key driver for river E. coli adaptation is a mutable chromosome along with few plasmid types shared between diverse STs harboring a limited resistance gene content
Clinical Presentation and Diagnostic Challenges of Congenital Thoracoabdominal Wall Defects in Dogs: Insights from a Case Series and Literature Synthesis
(Animals, 2026) Cozar, José M.; Avedillo Cea, Luis Javier; Martín Alguacil, María Nieves
Simple Summary Congenital defects of the thoracic and abdominal body wall are rare in dogs, yet they can be severe and difficult to classify. Veterinarians often use human medical terminology, such as Cantrell syndrome, amniotic band syndrome, and body stalk anomaly, to describe these conditions. However, many affected animals exhibit features that overlap with more than one syndrome. In this study, we examined three new cases of canine body wall defects and reviewed 17 published cases to better understand how these defects develop and how they should be diagnosed. Our findings suggest that these syndromes form a continuum rather than distinct categories. The timing of embryonic disruption and the appearance of the umbilical cord are especially important for distinguishing syndromic from nonsyndromic defects. Based on these insights, we created a practical diagnostic decision tree to help clinicians evaluate affected neonates, even when only partial information is available. Our research underscores the necessity of clearer diagnostic guidelines and enhanced documentation of congenital body wall defects in veterinary medicine. Abstract Congenital thoracoabdominal wall defects in dogs are uncommon and challenging to classify due to their overlapping anatomical and developmental features. This study analyzes three original canine cases alongside 17 published cases to clarify the relationships among Cantrell syndrome (CS), amniotic band syndrome (ABS), and body stalk anomaly (BSA). All of the original cases exhibited thoracoabdominal involvement with variations in umbilical cord morphology and associated anomalies. A comparative analysis revealed that these conditions form a syndromic continuum rather than distinct entities, influenced by the timing and mechanism of embryonic disruption. Early developmental insults were associated with multisystem malformations resembling CS or BSA, whereas later vascular disruptions produced more localized defects, such as gastroschisis. Umbilical cord morphology emerged as a key diagnostic discriminator across cases. Based on these findings, we developed an anatomically driven diagnostic decision tree to support clinical evaluation when information is incomplete. This study emphasizes the importance of integrating embryologic context with anatomical assessment and identifies significant gaps in molecular and genetic data. A developmental continuum model offers a more flexible, clinically meaningful framework for diagnosing congenital body wall defects in dogs.
Metataxonomic Analysis and Fatty Acid Profiling of Feces from Children Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
(International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2026) Alba Rubio, Claudio; Palomino, Laura; Vergara, Beatriz; Rodríguez-Belvis, Marta Velasco; Aragón, Alberto; Zaghlul, Marianna A. Di Campli; Jurado Escobar, Rubén; Martín-Fernández, Carmen; Vázquez-Gómez, Julio A.; González-Vicent, Marta; Molina-Angulo, Blanca; Sánchez-Llorente, Paula; García-Hernández, Paloma; Rodríguez Gómez, Juan Miguel; Muñoz-Codoceo, Rosa A.; Herranz Sorribes, Carmen
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a medical procedure to treat hematologic malignancies and restore bone marrow function. However, this approach may lead to graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), a major cause of mortality and morbidity after allogeneic HSCT. Some studies have suggested the involvement of gut microbiota in the development and prognosis of GvHD. In this context, the main objective of this study was to compare the fecal microbiome composition and short-chain profile of pediatric patients who underwent successful HSCT, developed GvHD or died. The bacterial composition was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, while short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were quantified by gas chromatography. Fecal samples at engraftment were mainly characterized by a loss of bacterial diversity, a depletion of sequences belonging to the genus Blautia and significantly lower concentrations of fecal butyrate and acetate compared with those obtained before HSCT and 100 days after HSCT. Our findings confirm that children experiencing GvHD after HSCT have distinct gut microbiota and SCFA profiles, which might contribute to developing new microbiota-targeted strategies for GvHD prevention during HSCT procedures
International connectivity in the generation of information and communication technology (ICT) in Spain
(Competitiveness Review, 2020) Medina Moreno, Lisset Rocio; Álvarez González, María Isabel; Cano Kollmann, Marcelo
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the characteristics of knowledge creation in a key technology field, i.e. information and communication technology (ICT), to determine whether it is driven by domestic firms and inventors, or whether the traction is provided by international connections to global innovation networks. The authors argue that the geographical pattern of international connectivity is characterized by local concentration and strong connections to foreign multinational enterprises, for which a large number of inventors in Spain work.
Ultrasound-guided interfascial rectus sheath-associated plane block in sheep: a cadaveric study.
(Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, 2025) Bustamante Domínguez, Rocío; Re, Michela Tatiana; Gaspar Simón, Ignacio de; Álvarez Gómez De Segura, Ignacio
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate ovine anatomy to determine the feasibility of an ultrasound-guided interfascial rectus sheath (RS)-associated plane block in sheep cadavers. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, experimental, randomized cadaveric study. ANIMALS: A group of 22 fresh cadavers (median 52 kg, range 47-62 kg). METHODS: In phase I, six cadavers underwent anatomical (n = 2) and ultrasonographic (n = 4) examination of the ventral abdominal wall and RS. Based on these findings, two lateral (one- or two-injection) approaches were defined. In phase II, 14 cadavers were randomly injected bilaterally using the one-injection approach under ultrasound guidance with 0.1% methylene blue at either high (HV, 0.5 mL kg) or low (LV, 0.25 mL kg) volume, targeting the plane between the rectus abdominis muscle (RAM) and its internal sheath. Dye distribution and nerve staining were evaluated by dissections. RESULTS: The one-injection approach provided better visualization and consistent nerve staining. The eleventh thoracic nerve was stained in all cases, whereas the twelfth (HV = 93%; LV = 79%) and thirteenth thoracic nerves were stained only in two cadavers with HV. Dye spread was limited, suggesting compartmentalization of the interfascial plane. Further investigation in two additional cadavers included injections of methylene blue and a neutral red dye (LV each) between RAM and its internal sheath between alternate muscle bellies. The latter injections were within the same unilateral RAM, separated by tendinous intersections. Dissection showed distinct dye accumulation without mixing. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The described approach produced a limited spread and nerve staining, possibly owing to ovine-specific anatomy and the technique used, which differs from the standard rectus sheath block (RSB) technique. Targeting individual muscular compartments could be an alternative. Further studies using the traditional RSB approach are needed to confirm its applicability in this species.
Clinical Feasibility Studies and Potential Applications of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Integrated in Multimodality X-Ray System for Small Animals
(Animals, 2026) Mínguez Pereira, Elena; Sanderson, Daniel; Abella, Mónica; Ye, Xiaolin; León, Nerea; Sisniega, Alejandro; Arco, Juan Manuel; García Real, María Isabel
Veterinary medicine uses advanced imaging to visualize internal structures non-invasively, allowing precise diagnosis and treatment planning without exploratory surgery. Digital radiography is accessible and provides rapid information, but its two-dimensional nature with overlapping tissues can hinder the visualization of pathologies. Computed tomography, a three-dimensional imaging technique that uses a rotating X-ray source to build volumetric images, solves the tissue overlapping. This study evaluated a prototype of a new multimodality veterinary imaging system that combines digital X-rays, real-time moving X-ray imaging (fluoroscopy), and cone-beam computed tomography in a single device. Image quality was first optimized using animal specimens and then compared with images obtained with a conventional device: a multidetector computed tomography scanner. The prototype provided excellent bone detail, with slight dark-streak artifacts caused by the limited angular range required by the open-gantry design that crucially allows animal access. Clinical use in live patients showed that this device facilitated the detection of small fractures and mineralized structures that were indistinct on conventional radiographies. By integrating multiple imaging modalities into one unit, the system improved workflow and reduced patients’ sedation time. These results indicate that this device has strong potential for enhancing diagnostic capabilities in small-animal and exotic species practice.
La sociedad y el miedo. Una interpretación onto-social de la teoría política de Jean-Jacques Rousseau
(Revista de Estudios Políticos, 2006) López Yáñez, Aina Dolores
El estudio de la obra político-social de Jean-Jacques Rousseau es aquí abordado según una perspectiva que subraya el valor que ésta otorgó a la teoría social, aportando con ello una solución a la cuestión de la unidad del sistema general del autor. Subrayaremos la relación existente entre las tesis defendidas en el Discurso sobre la desigualdad, por un lado, y el Contrato social y el Emilio, por otro. Nuestra intención es mostrar que la obra de Rousseau resultó fundamental en el proceso de constitución de la política moderna porque completó, si bien de forma negativa, la subordinación intelectual de la teoría política a la realidad social.
SEE Evaluation of a Serverless Computing Architecture under 14-MeV Neutrons
(2025) Pacios, David; Rezaei, Mohammadreza; Vázquez Poletti, José Luis; Ignacio Cerrato, Sara; Clemente Barreira, Juan Antonio
This paper presents the effects of 14-MeV neutrons on a NVIDIA Jetson Nano running a serverless computing architecture. SDCs and DUEs were observed in its CPU and GPU when executing a serverless-based FFT function
La Teoría Social de Jean-Jacques Rousseau
(Revista Internacional de Sociología (RIS), 2005) López Yáñez, Aina Dolores
La interpretación de la obra de Rousseau desde las categorías propias de la teoría sociológica da lugar a una reconstrucción de las propuestas del autor basada en aquellos conceptos fundamentales de la disciplina que serían asentados después por los sociólogos clásicos del siglo XIX. Obviamente, estos conceptos no se encuentran en los escritos de Rousseau en los términos de una teoría formalizada, pero sí como nociones o ideas de gran valor intelectual. En el presente trabajo procedemos a mostrar las grandes líneas de la teoría social de Rousseau. Se expone de este modo nuestra reconstrucción de la visión rousseauniana de la historia humana, de la condición del hombre, de la acción social y de la sociedad como totalidad, teorías que conforman una ontología claramente atravesada por la creencia en la alienación y negatividad consustanciales a los fenómenos sociales.
Glucocorticoid Signaling in Myeloid Cells Worsens Acute CNS Injury and Inflammation
(The Journal of Neuroscience, 2013) Sorrells, Shawn; Caso Fernández, Javier Rubén; Munhoz, Carolina; Hu, Caroline; Tran, Kevin; Miguel, Zurine; Chien, Bonnie; Sapolsky, Robert
Glucocorticoid stress hormones (GCs) are well known for being anti-inflammatory, but some reports suggest that GCs can also augment aspects of inflammation during acute brain injury. Because the GC receptor (GR) is ubiquitously expressed throughout the brain, it is difficult to know which cell types might mediate these unusual “proinflammatory” GC actions. We examined this with cell type-specific deletion or overexpression of GR in mice experiencing seizure or ischemia. Counter to their classical anti-inflammatory actions, GR signaling in myeloid cells increased Iba-1 and CD68 staining as well as nuclear p65 levels in the injured tissue. GCs also reduced levels of occludin, claudin 5, and caveolin 1, proteins central to blood–brain-barrier integrity; these effects required GR in endothelial cells. Finally, GCs compromised neuron survival, an effect mediated by GR in myeloid and endothelial cells to a greater extent than by neuronal GR.
The Stressed CNS: When Glucocorticoids Aggravate Inflammation
(Neuron, 2009) Sorrells, Shawn; Caso Fernández, Javier Rubén; Munhoz, Carolina; Sapolsky, Robert
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are hormones released during the stress response that are well known for their immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties; however, recent advances have uncovered situations wherein they have effects in the opposite direction. The CNS is a particularly interesting example, both because of its unique immune environment, and because GCs affect immune responses differently in different brain regions. In this minireview we discuss the contexts wherein GCs increase CNS inflammation and point out directions for future investigation.
The Epidemiology of Third Molar Agenesis and Its Relationship with Craniofacial Growth in Spanish and Peruvian Populations: A Cross-Sectional Study
(Applied Sciences, 2026) Nuñez Díaz, Daniella; Baca González, Laura; Iglesias Velázquez, Óscar; González fernández-Tresguerres, Francisco; López Carriches, María Carmen; Viñas Pinedo, María José; Torres García Denche, Jesús; Leco Berrocal, María Isabel
Congenital third molar (3M) agenesis is a common dental anomaly associated with genetic, epigenetic, and craniofacial growth factors. Evidence regarding its prevalence across populations and its relationship with sagittal and vertical growth patterns remains limited. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of 3M agenesis in Spanish and Peruvian samples and analyze its association with craniofacial growth patterns. A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in 1191 patients aged 10–14 years (348 Spanish, 843 Peruvian). 3M agenesis was assessed on digital panoramic radiographs. Sagittal and vertical growth patterns were evaluated using Steiner’s cephalometric analysis (ANB and GoGn–SN angles). Overall, 3M agenesis prevalence was 25.1%, with no difference between the Spanish (25.0%) and Peruvian (25.15%) groups. A non-significant trend toward higher prevalence was observed in Spanish females. 3M agenesis was more frequent in maxillary than mandibular 3M (16.8% vs. 10.2%; p < 0.001). Growth patterns differed between populations, with Class I and normodivergent patterns predominating in Spanish subjects, and Class II and hyperdivergent patterns in Peruvians (p < 0.001). No significant associations were found between 3M agenesis and sagittal or vertical growth patterns (p > 0.05), although Class II patients exhibited a higher prevalence of mandibular 3M agenesis (14.8% vs. 10.8%; p = 0.04). 3M agenesis showed similar prevalence in both populations and was not associated with craniofacial growth patterns, except for mandibular 3M agenesis in Class II patients, suggesting a multifactorial etiology driven by genetic and developmental factors rather than demographic or skeletal variables. It should be noted, however, that the cross-sectional nature of the study, the recruitment of patients from university dental clinics, and the absence of multivariate regression analysis limit both the generalizability and the causal interpretation of the findings.
Implementing temporal sampling theory through rhythmic-melodic activities in preschool: a motor-rhythm based intervention to enhance language skills
(Mind, Brain and Education, 2026) Campollo Urkitza, Arantzazu; Lallier, Marie; Molinaro, Nicola; Kalashnikova, Marina; Goswami, Usha
The sensory-neural temporal sampling (TS) theory of language acquisition emphasizes the role of individual differences in speech rhythm processing. According to this theory, neural oscillations track loudness or amplitude modulation (AM) patterns—rhythmic fluctuations in speech intensity or energy—across multiple timescales. These nested AM rhythms, which occur universally across languages, support the parsing of stress patterns, syllables, and onset-rime units. Accurate tracking of these rhythms facilitates linguistic comprehension. Although rhythm-based language interventions that align motor and oral rhythms have shown benefits, existing approaches have not systematically targeted the full hierarchy of nested AM rhythms. The present intervention, developed in Spanish, is structured around musical meter, which organizes smaller nested units across multiple timescales. A series of motor activities that should indirectly engage multiple AM timescales are proposed, aimed at enhancing language development. The intervention is highly engaging and is explained in detail, along with predicted music-language enhancements within the framework of TS theory.
Procesos creativos autorregulados: un enfoque desde el Aprendizaje-Servicio en la Educación Superior
(Revista Internacional de Educación Musical (RIEM), 2025) Lage Gómez, Carlos; Campollo Urkitza, Arantzazu; Cremades Andreu, Roberto
El Aprendizaje-Servicio (ApS) se concibe como un enfoque pedagógico que integra el servicio comunitario con objetivos curriculares. Este estudio explora los procesos creativos desde la perspectiva del aprendizaje autorregulado. Para ello, se ha implementado un proyecto de ApS centrado en la elaboración de conciertos didácticos y actividades didáctico-musicales en la ciudad de Madrid durante tres cursos académicos (2021-2022 hasta 2023-2024). Han participado 39 estudiantes universitarios de la mención en Música del Grado de Educación Primaria, alumnado de un colegio, su profesora de música y cinco docentes universitarios. Todos ellos han compartido un espacio social destinado a comprender y transformar el contexto educativo de forma participativa. Siguiendo un enfoque cualitativo, se han utilizado la observación participante y no participante junto con entrevistas, que fueron codificadas y analizadas mediante una orientación temática basada en la teoría de la actividad. Los resultados muestran el impacto positivo del proyecto promoviendo una transformación mutua. Se han identificado una serie de elementos clave en el proceso creativo autorregulado: a) compromiso individual y colectivo; b) autonomía del estudiantado; d) el tiempo como regulador; e) adquisición de competencias pedagógicas; y f) aplicabilidad y desarrollo de procesos metacognitivos.

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