Artículos
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://docta.ucm.es/handle/20.500.14352/15
Browse
Recent Submissions
Item Idioms in Syrian Arabic : a semantic and grammatical approach to the verb(Yearbook of Phraseology, 2022) Berlinches Ramos, CarmenThis contribution deals with idioms in vernacular Syrian Arabic, focusing on the verbal component, as well as their semantic and gramatical particularities. The corpus of 151 idioms is extracted from seven popular TV series, 91 of these are presented in the paper along with a literal and idiomatic translation. The idiomatic meaning of the most frequently attested verbs is discussed first. This is followed by a grammatical discussion regarding word order, verbal inflection, morphological variation and lexical variation. The paper demonstrates the scarcity of idioms in some of the most important sources of Syrian Arabic. It further reveals grammatical parallels with idioms in other Arabic varieties, as well as in Western languages. The findings provide the field with new data, and will lead to a better understanding of both Arabic idioms in general, and Syrian Arabic in particular.Item Lessons learned from Mentor-ING : an EME teacher education programme based on peer observation(Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2024) Sánchez García, María DaviniaThe internationalisation of higher education has resulted in the spread of English-medium education (EME) across the world. This new educational paradigm comes with a number of challenges, one of them being the need to create specific continuous professional development (CPD) for teachers involved in it. Despite this compelling need, existing research accounting for examples of teacher education in EME is scarce. To reduce this dearth, the present study seeks to showcase a research-based peer observation EME teacher education initiative as a potential inspiration for the design and implementation of similar programmes worldwide. A thematic analysis of its participants’ feedback has revealed that, in addition to addressing linguistic and pedagogical competences, multilingual and identity issues are of the highest concern. Likewise, reflection and collaboration are highlighted are key elements for effective teacher education programmes.Item Collaborative AI in the Geometry Friends Game Competition(IEEE Transactions on Games, 2024) Almagro, Alberto; Llamas-Núñez, Juan Carlos; Sánchez Ruiz-Granados, Antonio Alejandro; Díaz Agudo, María BelénGeometry Friends is a collaborative platform game featuring two agents, a circle and a rectangle, navigating through physics-driven levels to collect diamonds. Each level presents challenges in the form of obstacles and diamonds arranged in different configurations that forces the agents to cooperate. In this article, we describe the Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) agents, that participated in the 2023 Geometry Friends AI Competition with excellent results, especially in the collaborative track. Our approach combines level analysis, motion simulation, abstract planning, scripted actions, reinforcement learning, and different types of agent interaction. The contributions are versatile and potentially applicable to other collaborative platform games.Item Neural-guided superoptimization in Ethereum(Information and Software Technology, 2025) Araújo Aguiar, Matheus; Hernández-Cerezo, Alejandro; Kirchner, Daniel; Rubio, Albert; Albert Albiol, Elvira María; Genaim, Samir; Gordillo Alguacil, PabloItem Frequent Parasitism of Apis mellifera by Trypanosomatids in Geographically Isolated Areas with Restricted Beekeeping Movements(Microbial Ecology, 2023) Aguado López, Daniel; Bartolomé, Carolina; Lopes, Ana Rita; Henriques, Dora; Segura, Sara Kafafi; Maside, Xulio; Pinto, M. Alice; Higes, Mariano; Martín Hernández, RaquelTrypanosomatids form a group of high prevalence protozoa that parasitise honey bees, with Lotmaria passim as the predominant species worldwide. However, the knowledge about the ecology of trypanosomatids in isolated areas is limited. The Portuguese archipelagos of Madeira and Azores provide an interesting setting to investigate these parasites because of their geographic isolation, and because they harbour honey bee populations devoid of two major enemies: Varroa destructor and Nosema ceranae. Hence, a total of 661 honey bee colonies from Madeira and the Azores were analysed using different molecular techniques, through which we found a high prevalence of trypanosomatids despite the isolation of these islands. L. passim was the predominant species and, in most colonies, was the only one found, even on islands free of V. destructor and/or N. ceranae with severe restrictions on colony movements to prevent the spread of them. However, islands with V. destructor had a significantly higher prevalence of L. passim and, conversely, islands with N. ceranae did not shown any significant correlation with the trypanosomatid. Crithidia bombi was detected in Madeira and on three islands of the Azores, almost always coincident with L. passim. By contrast, Crithidia mellificae was not detected in any sample. A high-throughput sequencing analysis distinguished two main haplotypes of L. passim, which accounted for 98% of the total sequence reads. This work suggests that L. passim and C. bombi are parasites that have been associated with honey bees predating the spread of V. destructor and N. ceranae.Item Glutaraldehyde modification of lipases immobilized on octyl agarose beads: Roles of the support enzyme loading and chemical amination of the enzyme on the final enzyme features(International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2023) Abellanas Pérez, Pedro; Carballares Navarro, Diego; Fernández Lafuente, Roberto; Rocha Martín, JavierLipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB) and lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL) have been immobilized on octyl agarose at low loading and at a loading exceeding the maximum support capacity. Then, the enzymes have been treated with glutaraldehyde and inactivated at pH 7.0 in Tris-HCl, sodium phosphate and HEPES, giving different stabilities. Stabilization (depending on the buffer) of the highly loaded biocatalysts was found, very likely as a consequence of the detected intermolecular crosslinkings. This did not occur for the lowly loaded biocatalysts. Next, the enzymes were chemically aminated and then treated with glutaraldehyde. In the case of TLL, the intramolecular crosslinkings (visible by the apparent reduction of the protein size) increased enzyme stability of the lowly loaded biocatalysts, an effect that was further increased for the highly loaded biocatalysts due to intermolecular crosslinkings. Using CALB, the intramolecular crosslinkings were less intense, and the stabilization was lower, even though the intermolecular crosslinkings were quite intense for the highly loaded biocatalyst. The stabilization detected depended on the inactivation buffer. The interactions between enzyme loading and inactivating buffer on the effects of the chemical modifications suggest that the modification and inactivation studies must be performed under the target biocatalysts and conditions.Item Planificación nutricional de los menús escolares para los centros públicos de la Comunidad de Madrid(Nutrición Hospitalaria, 2006) Del Pozo de La Calle, Susana; Cuadrado Vives, María Carmen; Rodríguez,M.; Quintanilla, L.; Ávila, J.M.; Moreiras, O.En los menús servidos en los comedores de los colegios públicos de la Comunidad de Madrid (CM) se venían detectando algunos desequilibrios nutricionales: cantidades insuficientes, desviaciones interdías de hasta el 50% de energía, desequilibrio en los perfiles calórico y lipídico, poca variedad, desinformación de los padres, etc. La Consejería de Educación de la CM, consideró necesario planificar y regular las condiciones básicas que deben reunir los menús para dichos comedores. La Fundación Española de la Nutrición (FEN) junto con el Departamento de Nutrición de la UCM, fueron los encargados de elaborar las bases para desarrollar la Normativa (BOCM 24-05-01, 10-09-02). Se convocó a las empresas de restauración colectiva a un concurso para el suministro de menús adaptados a dicha Normativa. En este trabajo se describe la adaptación a las pautas dietéticas programadas de las empresas homologadas y, principalmente, su repercusión en el aporte energético y nutricional de los menús así como la adecuación a los perfiles calórico y lipídico recomendados. Además, y hasta el momento, una muestra aleatoria de 171 centros, con servicio de comedor (más de 37.000 escolares), han sido visitados, sin anuncio previo de la fecha, por nutriólogos para llevar a cabo el control de los menús servidos. Para ello, en cada centro se recogió la porción duplicada del menú servido ese día. Se determinó su contenido en energía y nutrientes y se analizó su composición en ácidos grasos. La adaptación por parte de las empresas de restauración a la normativa fijada ha mejorado sustancialmente los menús respecto a periodos anteriores: mayor presencia de verduras y hortalizas, mejor calidad de la grasa y menor cantidad de grasas y proteínas a expensas de hidratos de carbono.Item Complementarity in Allen’s and Bergmann’s rules among birds(Nature Communications, 2023) Baldwin, Justin W.; García Porta, Joan; Botero, Carlos A.Biologists have long noted that endotherms tend to have larger bodies (Bergmann’s rule) and shorter appendages (Allen’s rule) in colder environments. Nevertheless, many taxonomic groups appear not to conform to these ‘rules’, and general explanations for these frequent exceptions are currently lacking. Here we note that by combining complementary changes in body and extremity size, lineages could theoretically respond to thermal gradients with smaller changes in either trait than those predicted by either Bergmann’s or Allen’s rule alone. To test this idea, we leverage geographic, ecological, phylogenetic, and morphological data on 6,974 non-migratory terrestrial bird species, and show that stronger family-wide changes in bill size over thermal gradients are correlated with more muted changes in body size. Additionally, we show that most bird families exhibit weak but appropriately directed changes in both traits, supporting the notion of complementarity in Bergmann’s and Allen’s rules. Finally, we show that the few families that exhibit significant gradients in either bill or body size, tend to be more speciose, widely distributed, or ecologically constrained. Our findings validate Bergmann’s and Allen’s logic and remind us that body and bill size are simply convenient proxies for their true quantity of interest: the surface-to-volume ratio.Item Consumption patterns and key motivational drivers: an analysis of food behavior in Spanish households(Frontiers in Nutrition, 2025) Beltrán De Miguel, Beatriz Teresa; Del Pozo de La Calle, Susana; Cuadrado Vives, María Carmen; Ruiz-Moreno, EmmaBackground/objectives: Based on data collected in a market study, this analysis examines the food consumption patterns of Spanish households and the main individual motivations behind the use of these foods in each consumption occasion. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional observational study was conducted using the “Household Usage Panel” (2023). Individual food consumption at home was recorded through an online survey over the course of a full week, twice a year, throughout the year. For each consumption occasion, the primary reason for the food choice was also recorded, selected from predefined options: “product was available,” “for health,” “by habit,” “taste,” “for pleasure/I felt like it,” and “quick/easy to prepare.” Results: The sample included 5,207 individuals (4,000 households), representative of the Spanish population, excluding the Canary Islands, Ceuta, and Melilla. The food groups used by more than 80% of the panelists include cereals and cereal products, vegetables, meat, fish, milk and dairy products, and fruit. For all products combined, 80.2% of consumers reported that, on at least one consumption occasion, the primary reason for use was “for taste,” 77.1% “for pleasure/I felt like it” followed by “health” (68.4%), “product was available” (59.2%), “habit” (55.3%), and “quick/easy to prepare” (47.6%). For each food group, the primary reason for use varied by occasion, with “for taste” and “for pleasure/I felt like it” chosen by a higher percentage of consumers. An exception was found with the fruit and olive oil groups, where the main reason for consumption chosen by a larger percentage of consumers on some occasions was health (57.4 and 30.8%, respectively). Conclusion: Understanding the motives behind food consumption in Spanish households helps us better grasp specific dietary behaviors. Taste and pleasure have been identified in this study as key factors in food choices at home. These insights suggest the need for a renewed approach to food policies and interventions that promote healthy eating, with the potential for lasting improvements in dietary quality over the medium to long term.Item Reciclajes postdigitales : literatura generativa con IA en lengua alemana(Anuario de Estudios Filológicos, 2025) Llamas Ubieto, MiriamRESUMEN: Este artículo indaga en las estrategias de reciclaje postdigital que se desarrollan en la interacción con herramientas de inteligencia artificial en literatura generativa actual en lengua alemana. Analiza los tipos de procedimientos creativos con estos reciclajes para generar textos literarios y presenta las características específicas de la estética generativa que proponen autores como Hannes Bajohr, Berit Glanz, Jörg Piringer, Jennifer Becker o Juan S. Guse, entre otros. Se ofrece así una aproximación al panorama más reciente de una literatura digital en alemán que reflexiona y se pregunta, a través de sus experimentos conceptuales y estéticos, sobre el funcionamiento subyacente de la IA, sobre sus potencialidades y límites estético-creativos y sobre su impacto en la percepción humana.Item Exposure to a Highly Caloric Palatable Diet During Pregestational and Gestational Periods Affects Hypothalamic and Hippocampal Endocannabinoid Levels at Birth and Induces Adiposity and Anxiety-Like Behaviors in Male Rat Offspring(Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 2016) Ramírez López, María Teresa; Vázquez, Mariam; Bindila, Laura; Lomazzo, Ermelinda; Hofmann, Clementine; Blanco, Rosario Noemí; Alén Fariñas, Francisco; Antón, María; Decara, Juan; Ouro, Daniel; Orio Ortiz, Laura; Suarez, Juan; Lutz, Beat; Rodríguez De Fonseca, Fernando Antonio; Gómez De Heras, María RaquelExposure to unbalanced diets during pre-gestational and gestational periods may result in long-term alterations in metabolism and behavior. The contribution of the endocannabinoid system to these long-term adaptive responses is unknown. In the present study, we investigated the impact of female rat exposure to a hypercaloric-hypoproteic palatable diet during pre-gestational, gestational and lactational periods on the development of male offspring. In addition, the hypothalamic and hippocampal endocannabinoid contents at birth and the behavioral performance in adulthood were investigated. Exposure to a palatable diet resulted in low weight offspring who exhibited low hypothalamic contents of arachidonic acid and the two major endocannabinoids (anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol) at birth. Palmitoylethanolamide, but not oleoylethanolamide, also decreased. Additionally, pups from palatable diet-fed dams displayed lower levels of anandamide and palmitoylethanolamide in the hippocampus. The low-weight male offspring, born from palatable diet exposed mothers, gained less weight during lactation and although they recovered weight during the post-weaning period, they developed abdominal adiposity in adulthood. These animals exhibited anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus-maze and open field test and a low preference for a chocolate diet in a food preference test, indicating that maternal exposure to a hypercaloric diet induces long-term behavioral alterations in male offspring. These results suggest that maternal diet alterations in the function of the endogenous cannabinoid system can mediate the observed phenotype of the offspring, since both hypothalamic and hippocampal endocannabinoids regulate feeding, metabolic adaptions to caloric diets, learning, memory, and emotions.Item Late Jurassic Paleogeography and Paleoclimate in the Northern Iberian Basin of Spain: Constraints from Diagenetic Records in Reefal and Continental Carbonates(Journal of Sedimentary Research, 2005) Benito Moreno, María Isabel; Lohmann, Kyger C.; Mas Mayoral, José RamónSedimentation in the northern part of the Iberian Basin during the early Kimmeridgian was characterized by the development of coral reef complexes of the Torrecilla en Cameros Formation, which were situated along a seaway that connected the Boreal and Tethys domains. Along the northern portion of that seaway, close to the Boreal Sea, early diagenesis of the Torrecilla fringing reef complex was controlled by rising sea level and by local tectonism, leading to alternations of submergence and reefal exposure. While exposed, reef corals were neomorphosed and dissolved. When the corals were submerged, secondary porosity was filled by calcite cements precipitated from marine-derived waters. During the latest stages of reef development, rate of sea-level rise could no longer keep pace with tectonic uplift and, while younger accretionary units continued to be deposited, older units were exposed subaerially, leading to the precipitation of meteoric calcite cement and to the development of a paleosol. This stage of diagenesis also affected the reef complex during late Kimmeridgian times, as the Boreal and Tethys coastlines progressively retreated to the north and southeast, respectively. Progressive retreat of the Boreal Sea and subsequent Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous rifting that formed the Cameros Basin resulted in the deposition of Tithonian continental carbonates directly on these reefal units. Oxygen isotope compositions of these continental carbonates are 3‰ more negative than Kimmeridgian meteoric cement, suggesting an evolution in the isotopic composition of meteoric water in response to an increasing continental effect on meteoric precipitation. In contrast, early Kimmeridgian reef complexes of the Torrecilla en Cameros Formation in the southern sectors of the seaway, closer to the Tethys Sea, were exposed during the late Kimmeridgian as the Tethys coastline retreated, leading to dissolution of corals and subsequent precipitation of meteoric calcite cement. Oxygen isotope compositions of these meteoric cements are 2‰ more negative than time-equivalent meteoric calcites precipitated in the northern Torrecilla Reef Complex. Given the regional paleogeography, this difference suggests that sources of meteoric water must have been different for the northern and southern sectors, and probably reflects southward transport of air masses and water vapor from the Boreal Sea to the northern Torrecilla sector, and northwest transport of water vapor from the Tethys Sea to the southern sectors. Tithonian–Berriasian continental carbonates, which unconformably overlie reef complexes in the southern and northern sectors, exhibit an opposite trend, with the δ18O of continental carbonates in southern sectors being 1.6‰ more positive than time-equivalent carbonates that overlie the Torrecilla Reef Complex to the north. This shift in the trend of the isotopes between northern and southern sectors is coeval with paleogeographic changes that occurred in response to Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous rifting of the Iberian Plate and the progressive retreat of Boreal and Tethys coastlines. During this time, continental carbonates in both the southern and northern sectors of the seaway precipitated from meteoric waters that were sourced from the Tethys Sea to the southeast. More negative δ18O values in the northern Torrecilla sector reflect enhanced continental fractionation effects as the influence of the Boreal Sea-derived meteoric waters diminished.Item Latín y libertinaje : el «Fragmentum Petronii» de Marchena (el texto latino y su traducción) en la edición del «Satiricón» de Díaz (1968)(Archivum : Revista de Filología, 2024) García Jurado, FranciscoRESUMEN: El «Fragmentum Petronii» (F.P.), compuesto por el Abate Marchena y publicado en 1800, ofrece interesantes cuestiones filológicas y literarias. Algunas de ellas no han sido suficientemente señaladas, como las diferencias entre el texto latino y la versión francesa del fragmento. A pesar de ello, se suele partir de la versión francesa cuando el F.P. aparece vertido a una lengua moderna. Tan solo algunos latinistas han optado por traducir directamente el texto latino, como es el caso de Manuel Cecilio Díaz y Díaz en su edición del «Satiricón» (Díaz 1968). En este trabajo vamos a considerar tanto la versión de Díaz como su propia edición del texto latino, donde aparece algún «lapsus calami». Nuestro análisis se hará a la luz de otros documentos considerados por Díaz, tales como las ediciones anteriores del F.P. y el comentario de Menéndez Pelayo, a lo que añadiremos la versión francesa de Baillard para la colección Nisard.Item Gender Dynamics in Theatrical Retranslation : Women’s Roles in English Versions of “Fuente Ovejuna”(MonTi : Monografías de Traducción e Interpretación = Monografies de Traducció i d'Interpretació = Monographs in Translation and Interpreting = Monographies de Traduction et d'Interprétation = Monographien zur Translation, 2025) Braga Riera, JorgeABSTRACT: The concept of retranslation holds particular significance in the performing arts, where considerations of historical periods, linguistic aspects, literary discoveries, and personal views are key features. This paper aims to shed some light on the textual, paratextual and social agents that intervene in the (re)translation and reception of Lope de Vega’s “Fuente Ovejuna” in the UK. More specifically, it intends to show how women’s roles and sexual exploitation in the Spanish text are portrayed in the target plays, examining the extent to which female characters are afforded increased empowerment and agency. For exemplification purposes, four British performance-oriented retranslations have been selected: Ruth Fainlight and Allan Sillitoe’s “All Citizens Are Soldiers” (1969), Adrian Mitchell’s “Fuente Ovejuna” (1989), Daniel Goldman’s “Fuente Ovejuna” (2010), and April De Angelis’s “The Village” (2018a). The findings reveal a gradual shift from collective judgement to alternative interpretations that situate women at the heart of the action.Item Impacts of human forest management on seed dispersal patterns by scatter-hoarding rodents(Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research, 2024) Nóbrega, Eva K; Vidal-Cardos, Roger; Muñoz Muñoz, Alberto; Ferrandiz-Rovira, MarionaScatter-hoarding rodents play a central role in seed dispersal, predating and dispersing seeds that affect many plant species’ population dynamics and inf luence forest regeneration. Anthropogenic changes in forest structure, such as clear-cutting in dense forests, may alter the ecological interactions between seeds and dispersers. This study compared predation and dispersal patterns of holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) acorns by wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus L.) in original dense forest [less managed forest (MF)] vs open MF (more MF) in northeastern Spain. Results showed variations in the patterns of acorn predation and dispersal by wood mouse between forest types. In the MF, a greater fraction of acorns was harvested, and the acorns were being dispersed further than in the original forest. Despite the greater fraction of acorns dispersed in the MF, the proportion of acorns that survived and had the potential to grow was reduced in the MF because of increased predation. This shows that forest management has a significant inf luence on seed dispersal by rodents and thereby inf luences the natural regeneration potential of forests.Item How to really quantify the economic value of customer information in corporate databases(Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 2023) Lamela Orcasitas, Carlos; García De Madariaga Miranda, JesúsThis paper presents a novel solution to evaluate the real impact of information and information technology (IT) in companies as fundamental tools to assess how valuable the company’s customers are. The focus is on the concept of information and knowledge as an asset with intrinsic economic value and a variable to consider in order to achieve effective customer management. It is dual research. On the one hand, it is an exploratory-conceptual type based on a review of the literature and, on the other hand, it is descriptive-quantitative through the application of an empirical case study. The proposed new customer relationship management (CRM) information value model (VICRM) offers significantly different results from other traditional models. Its main advantages include the possibility of carrying out new segmentations of customers and estimations of the company’s value. On the other hand, the model corrects some of the classic problems in customer evaluation models, such as their high dependence on the retention rate or being very regressive in the first years. The results of this research aim to serve any company whose business model is Business to Consumer (B2C) to calculate, in an effective way, the value of a large amount of information companies have about their customers.Item Global review and guidelines to avoid opportunistic predation of birds and bats in mist nets(Ecology and Evolution, 2023) de Moura, Guilherme Wince; Mustin Carvalho, Karen; Pinto, Fernando Antonio Silva; Sineiro, Sylvia Coelho Alves; Xavier, Bruna da Silva; Costa, Luciana Moraes; Esbérard, Carlos Eduardo Lustosa; Barufatti, Alexeia; Carvalho, William DouglasMist nets are one of the most widely used techniques in the study of birds and bats worldwide. However, a number of risks are involved, including opportunistic predation. Given this potential cost, here we: (1) review the global literature to understand the factors that might contribute to predation risk for birds and bats captured in mist nets; (2) review existing guidelines for best practice use of mist nets; and (3) based on our reviews, recommend new guidelines for the use of mist nets to minimize the risk of opportunistic predation. Based on keyword in English, Spanish, Portuguese, and French, and using Google Scholar, Scopus, SciElo, and Web of Science, we found 48 articles reporting opportunistic predation. In the included articles, 178 predation events, involving 52 predator and 84 prey species, were reported. In most of the reports, the mist nets were placed at ground level, the bats and birds were preyed on from the shelf closest to the ground, the mist-net checks occurred at intervals of 1 h or 30 min and the most common predators were arboreal and scansorial species (primates and marsupials). Despite the occurrences of predation in 13 countries, guidelines for best practice mist-net use were found in only three, despite extensive searches and contact with key people in each country. Based on the existing guidelines and our results, we recommend that mist nets be fixed with the lowest shelf at least 50 cm above ground level and be checked at 15-min intervals; when predators are observed near mist nets, the nets either be constantly observed, closed, or relocated; suppressed the vegetation around the mist nets; captured animals be removed from the mist nets as soon as possible, and more than one researcher/technician should be in the field at all times.Item Estrategias de aprendizaje y su impacto académico en estudiantes de Educación Superior: revisión sistematizada 2016-2023(Ciencia Latina: revista científica multidisciplinar, 2024) Vega Rojas, Mabel Rossana; Arroyo Resino, Gema Delia; Ulloa Guerra, OscarLa sinergia entre las estrategias de aprendizaje (EA) y el rendimiento académico (RA) se ha convertido en un aspecto crucial en la educación actual, destacando la necesidad de explorar y aprovechar las oportunidades para mejorar la calidad y eficacia del proceso educativo. El objetivo de este estudio fue sistematizar la producción bibliográfica en el período 2016-2023, respecto a estudios empíricos sobre relación entre EA y RA en estudiantes de educación superior. El diseño metodológico siguió los lineamientos del método Framework ReSiste-CHS, SALSA. Las bases de datos consultadas fueron Scopus, Dialnet y Semantic Scholar. Al aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, la muestra definitiva quedó conformada por 44 artículos. Los resultados evidencian que el año en el que existió mayor número de publicaciones fue el 2022, siendo España, Estados Unidos y México los países más destacados; las asignaturas que abordaron los estudios con mayor cantidad de investigaciones fueron en el área de Salud; el diseño más empleado fue el transversal cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo-correlacional; que el instrumento más utilizado para medir las estrategias de aprendizaje fue el ACRA, y que la mayoría de las investigaciones constataron un impacto positivo, entre algunas estrategias de aprendizaje y el rendimiento académico.Item Análisis de los ítems de la prueba CAHE: uso del modelo multidimensional de crédito parcial generalizado(Bordón: Revista de Pedagogía, 2019) Ordóñez Camacho, Xavier Giovanni; Arroyo Resino, Gema Delia; Ruiz De Miguel, CovadongaRecientemente Ordóñez, Romero y Ruiz de Miguel (2016) han propuesto el Cuestionario de Actitudes Hacia la Estadística (CAHE) el cual tiene evidencia de validez y de fiabilidad. Sin embargo, requiere de un análisis más exhaustivo de los ítems para ampliar la evidencia de validez de los mismos en las distintas dimensiones. MÉTODO. Por ello, en el presente estudio el objetivo es ampliar la evidencia de la calidad psicométrica del CAHE, a través de la aplicación del Modelo Multidimensional de Crédito Parcial Generalizado (MMCPG). Se aplicó el CAHE a una muestra incidental compuesta por 836 estudiantes de la Facultad de Educación, de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. El CAHE está compuesto por tres dimensiones: la escala de emociones negativas, la escala de emociones positivas y la escala de utilidad, con un total de 16 ítems en escala tipo Likert con 5 opciones de respuesta que van desde “completamente en desacuerdo” a “completamente de acuerdo”. Para el análisis de los ítems se ha utilizado el programa R versión 3.4.3. RESULTADOS. Los resultados muestran que el cuestionario se comporta siguiendo una estructura de 3 dimensiones donde cada uno de los ítems en cada una de las dimensiones, presenta adecuados valores en los parámetros de discriminación y dificultad. DISCUSIÓN. Por lo tanto, los resultados permiten ampliar la validez reportada anteriormente, siendo, hasta la fecha, una de las pocas pruebas con evidencia de validez a nivel de constructo y de ítems.Item Actitudes docentes hacia alumnos con discapacidad, punto de partida para la educación inclusiva: una perspectiva de sexo, edad y experiencia previa(Espiral. Cuadernos del profesorado, 2022) Solís García, Patricia; Arroyo Resino, Gema DeliaLa educación inclusiva, especialmente en el caso de alumnos con discapacidad, está mediada por las actitudes de los docentes hacia este colectivo y hacia la propia inclusión. Partiendo de ello, el objetivo del presente estudio es analizar las actitudes docentes (acorde al género, edad y la experiencia) para conseguir una mejor comprensión de las necesidades actuales del sistema educativo. De este modo se analizan los datos sobre actitudes de una muestra de 281 docentes que desarrollan su función en las diferentes etapas educativas (preescolar, primaria y educación secundaria), tanto en colegios públicos como privados, a lo largo de todo el territorio español. Se ha utilizado el cuestionario validado para profesores de actitudes hacia los alumnos con necesidades educativas especiales derivadas de discapacidad en su versión adaptada, formado por 22 ítems que abordan: Responsabilidad, Rendimiento, Formación y recursos, Clima del aula y Desarrollo Social. En definitiva, los resultados arrojan actitudes moderadamente positivas hacia la inclusión. En general, los hombres presentan rangos promedios superiores a los de las mujeres, los docentes menores de 41 años puntúan más en la dimensión desarrollo social y clima del aula y tienen una mejor actitud los docentes que no presentan experiencia con estudiantes con discapacidad