Artículos

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://docta.ucm.es/handle/20.500.14352/15

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Intracellular calcium recording after purinoceptor activation using a video-microscopy equipment.
(Purinergic Signaling. Methods and Protocols., 2020) Miras Portugal, María Teresa; Ortega De La O, Felipe; Gualix Sánchez, Francisco Javier; Pérez Sen, Raquel; García Delicado, Esmerilda; Gómez Villafuertes, María Rosa; Pelegrín, Pablo
Calcium is one of the most important intracellular messengers, triggering a wide range of cellular responses. Changes in intracellular free calcium concentration can be measured using calcium sensitive fluorescent dyes, which are either EGTA- or BAPTA-based organic molecules that change their spectral properties in response to Ca2+ binding. One of the most common calcium indicators is the ratiometric dye Fura-2. The main advantage of using ratiometric dyes is that the ratio signal is independent of the illumination intensity, dye concentration, photobleaching, and focus changes among others, allowing for the concentration of intracellular calcium to be determined independently of these artifacts. In this protocol, we describe the use of Fura-2 to measure intracellular calcium elevations in single cultured cells after purinoceptor activation using a video-microscopy equipment. This method, usually known as calcium imaging, allows for real-time quantification of intracellular calcium dynamics and can be adapted to measure agonist mediated intracellular calcium responses due to the activation of different purinergic receptors in several cellular models using the appropriate growth conditions.
A palaeoecological approach to understanding the past and present of Sierra Nevada, a Southwestern European biodiversity hotspot
(Global and Planetary Change, 2019) Manzano, Saúl; Carrión, José S.; López Merino, Lourdes; Jiménez-Moreno, Gonzalo; Toney, Jaime L.; Amstrong, Hollie; Anderson, R. Scott; García-Alix, Antonio; Guerrero Pérez, José Luis; Sánchez Mata, Daniel Pablo De La Cruz
Mediterranean mountainous environments are biodiversity hotspots and priority areas in conservation agendas. Although they are fragile and threatened by forecasted global change scenarios, their sensitivity to long-term environmental variability is still understudied. The Sierra Nevada range, located in southern Spain on the north-western European flanks of the Mediterranean basin, is a biodiversity hotspot. Consequently, Sierra Nevada provides an excellent model system to apply a palaeoecological approach to detect vegetation changes, explore the drivers triggering those changes, and how vegetation changes link to the present landscape in such a paradigmatic mountain system. A multi-proxy strategy (magnetic susceptibility, grain size, loss-on-ignition, macroremains, charcoal and palynological analyses) is applied to an 8400-year long lacustrine environmental archive from the Laguna de la Mosca (2889 masl). The long-term ecological data show how the Early Holocene pine forests transitioned towards mixed Pinus-Quercus submediterranean forests as a response to a decrease in seasonality at ~7.3 cal. kyr BP. The mixed Pinus-Quercus submediterranean forests collapsed drastically giving way to open evergreen Quercus formations at ~4.2 cal. kyr BP after a well-known aridity crisis. Under the forecasted northward expansion of the Mediterranean area due to global change-related aridity increase, mountain forests inhabiting territories adjacent to the Mediterranean Region could experience analogous responses to those detected in the Sierra Nevada forests to the Mid to Late Holocene aridification, moving from temperate to submediterranean and then Mediterranean formations.
Sistemas de afinación en música desde el punto de vista de las matemáticas
(Revista de Acústica, 2023) Aguado Yáñez, María; Rivas Vargas, Ángel
Dentro de la rama de la acústica musical, la evolución que han seguido los principales sistemas de afinación occidentales puede ser analizada a través de modelos matemáticos, dado que un sistema de afinación es un conjunto de relaciones matemáticas impuestas sobre frecuencias. Este artículo analiza los sistemas pitagórico, mesotónico y el temperamento igual. Para ello, primero se realiza un análisis histórico de los mismos. Posteriormente se realiza una interpretación geométrica de estos sistemas mediante curvas. Por último, son caracterizados cuantitativamente mediante dos métodos que explotan la simetría de cada uno de ellos. Los resultados muestran que estos sistemas disminuyen en complejidad cuanto más modernos son, lo que explica, en parte, su evolución la histórica. Además los métodos empleados son igualmente aplicables a otros sistemas distintos y pretenden ser intuitivos y visuales, de manera que tanto científicos como músicos comprendan las ventajas e inconvenientes de cada tipo de sistema.
Dissecting the purinergic signaling puzzle
(International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021) Pérez Sen, Raquel; García Delicado, Esmerilda
Editorial del Special Issue "Dissecting the Purinergic Puzzle" (IJMS, 2021). The aim of this Special Issue was to cover the different components of the purinergic system, regarding how they contribute in a coordinated fashion to shape the final biological response. The issue includes research articles and reviews mainly focused on adenosine and nucleotide receptors in the cardiovascular and nervous systems, the two systems that have been widely approached since the beginning of the purinergic history.
Use of rapid diagnostic techniques in ICU patients with infections
(BMC Infectious Diseases, 2014) Burillo Albizua, Almudena; Bouza Santiago, Emilio
Este artículo revisa las principales técnicas diagnósticas rápidas disponibles para el manejo de pacientes con infecciones en unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI), donde la infección constituye una de las complicaciones más frecuentes y se asocia a elevada morbimortalidad. Los autores analizan los avances en el diagnóstico etiológico rápido de infecciones del torrente sanguíneo, sepsis, neumonía —incluida la asociada a ventilación mecánica—, infecciones urinarias, infecciones de piel y partes blandas, infecciones virales y tuberculosis. Se revisan métodos microbiológicos clásicos optimizados, técnicas moleculares basadas en PCR, espectrometría de masas MALDI-TOF y el uso de biomarcadores como la proteína C reactiva y la procalcitonina. El artículo destaca el impacto de estas técnicas en la reducción de los tiempos de respuesta diagnóstica, la optimización del tratamiento antimicrobiano precoz y la mejora de los resultados clínicos en pacientes críticos, señalando al mismo tiempo las limitaciones actuales de las técnicas moleculares y su prometedor desarrollo futuro.
Correlated and critical phenomena in multipartite quantum non-Markovianity
(Physical Review A, 2025) González Castro, Ignacio; Rivas Vargas, Ángel
We study non-Markovianity in the exact dynamics of two two-level atoms in a resonant cavity. We find a critical behavior in the form of a Markovian to non-Markovian transition at a finite interatomic distance and a discontinuity in the limit of infinitely close atoms. Actually, in this highly correlated regime, we find that non-Markovianity always arises if the system size exceeds a critical threshold. To this end, a nonsingular, additive non-Markovian measure with appropriate asymptotic behavior is formulated. These results show how inter-subsystem distance and system size can act as precise controls for modulating memory effects in multipartite open quantum systems.
A Precision-Oriented, Network-Guided Framework for Functional Restoration in Movement Disorders.
(J Clin Medicine, 2026) Mateo Sierra, Olga; De la Casa-Fages, Beatriz; Martín-Ramírez, Esther; Barreiro-Gómez, Marta; Grandas Pérez, Francisco Javier
Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is increasingly understood as a precision-oriented neuromodulation therapy capable of influencing distributed basal ganglia–thalamo–cortical and cerebellothalamic networks. Although its symptomatic benefits in Parkinson’s disease, essential tremor, and dystonia are well established, the extent to which DBS supports motor learning, adaptive plasticity, and participation in rehabilitation remains insufficiently defined. Traditional interpretations of DBS as a focal or lesion-like intervention are being challenged by electrophysiological and imaging evidence demonstrating multiscale modulation of circuit dynamics. Objectives and methods: DBS may enhance rehabilitation outcomes by stabilizing pathological oscillations and reducing moment-to-moment variability in motor performance, thereby enabling more consistent task execution and more effective physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and speech–language interventions. However, direct comparative evidence demonstrating additive or synergistic effects of DBS combined with rehabilitation remains limited. As a result, this potential is not fully realized in clinical practice due to interindividual variability, limited insight into how individual circuit architecture shapes therapeutic response, and the limited specificity of current connectomic biomarkers for predicting functional gains. Results: Technological advances such as tractography-guided targeting, directional leads, sensing-enabled devices, and adaptive stimulation are expanding opportunities to align neuromodulation with individualized circuit dysfunction. Despite these developments, major conceptual and empirical gaps persist. Few controlled studies directly compare outcomes with versus without structured rehabilitation following DBS. Heterogeneity in therapeutic response and rehabilitation access further complicates the interpretation of outcomes. Clarifying these relationships is essential for developing precision-informed frameworks that integrate DBS with rehabilitative strategies, recognizing that current connectomic and physiological biomarkers remain incompletely validated for predicting functional outcomes. Conclusions: This review synthesizes mechanistic, imaging, and technological evidence to outline a network-informed perspective of DBS as a potential facilitator of rehabilitation-driven functional improvement and identifies priorities for future research aimed at optimizing durable functional restoration
Favourable perioperative outcomes for children with SARS-CoV-2
(Br J Surg, 2020) D. Nepogodiev; COVIDSurg Collaborative Appendix Authors Collaborators; Mateo Sierra, Olga
Vitamin D deficiency induces erectile dysfunction: Role ofsuperoxide and Slpi
(British Journal of Pharmacology, 2025) Bianca Barreira; Francisco Perez-Vizcaino; Olivencia Plaza, Miguel Ángel; Climent Flórez, Belén; Morales Cano, Daniel; Moreno Gutiérrez, Laura; Rodríguez Prados, Claudia; Prieto Ocejo, Dolores; Cogolludo Torralba, Ángel Luis; Pérez Vizcaíno, Francisco
Background and purpose: Epidemiological studies suggest a relationship between vitamin D deficiency and erectile dysfunction (ED). We hypothesized that vitamin D deficiency or vitamin D receptor (VDR) knockout causes ED and analysed the underlying molecular mechanisms. Experimental approach: Erectile function was assessed in vivo in anaesthetized male mice or rats by evaluating intracavernosal pressure (ICP) and in vitro in male Vdr-/- mice, and rat or human isolated corpora cavernosa (CCs) mounted in a myograph. Bulk RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) transcriptomic analysis was performed in rat CCs. Vitamin D deficiency was induced in rats fed a vitamin D-free diet for 5 months. Key results: CCs from human donors with low plasma vitamin D exhibited reduced nitric oxide (NO)-dependent erectile function. This ED was also reproduced in vitamin D-deficient rats and VDR knockout mice, in vivo and ex vivo, and is associated with penile fibrosis and reduced response to the phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor (PDE5i) sildenafil. CCs from deficient rats show increased superoxide levels, and their impaired erectile function was restored by superoxide scavengers. Transcriptomic analysis, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot showed down-regulated secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (Slpi). Moreover, recombinant SLPI prevented superoxide-induced ED, while Slpi gene silencing led to reduced erectile function in a superoxide-dependent manner. Conclusion and implications: Vitamin D deficiency or VDR knockout reduces erectile function. We suggest that this effect is mediated by increased superoxide levels and down-regulation of SLPI. Vitamin D deficiency might be an aetiological factor for vascular ED and for the therapeutic failure of PDE5i.
Single-anastomosis duodenoileal bypass as a revisional or second-step operation after sleeve gastrectomy
(Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases, 2020) Sánchez Pernaute, Andrés; Rubio Herrera, Miguel Ángel; Pérez Ferré, Natalia; Marcuello, Clara; Torres García, Antonio José; Pérez Aguirre, María Elia
Background: One-loop duodenal switch leads to weight loss and improvement or resolution of co-morbidities similar to standard duodenal switch, and it is technically less demanding. Objectives: To analyze the weight loss and metabolic improvement after conversion of sleeve gastrectomy to single-anastomosis duodenoileal bypass. Setting: University Hospital, Madrid, Spain. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study. Patients submitted to sleeve gastrectomy with insufficient weight loss or programmed for a 2-step surgical approach were included. Single-anastomosis duodenoileostomy was completed if there was no stricture in the stomach and no severe symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux. Results: Fifty-one patients with a mean initial body mass index of 52 kg/m2 were included. Maximum excess weight loss after the sleeve procedure was 63%. Mean time to the second operation was 36 months. The common channel was 250 cm in 41 patients and 300 cm in 10 patients. The follow-up rate was 77% at 5 years. Excess weight loss and total weight loss were 79% and 39%, respectively, at 1 year from the second surgery and 79% and 41%, respectively, at 5 years. Furthermore, 47% of the patients with diabetes achieved complete remission after sleeve gastrectomy, and 94% achieved remission after conversion to single-anastomosis duodenoileal bypass. Final weight loss was significantly higher in those patients who achieved better weight loss after the sleeve gastrectomy than those who did not. Conclusions: Single-anastomosis duodenoileal bypass is a beneficial procedure after sleeve gastrectomy for those who fail to lose weight or those with co-morbidities or as a planned second step. (C) 2020 American Society for Bariatric Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Still a place for conventional histopathological analysis in the era of molecular medicine: predicting prognosis of resectable ductal pancreatic adenocarcinoma
(CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY, 2019) Fernández Aceñero, María Jesús; Martinez Useros, J; Díez Valladares, Luis Ignacio; García Botella, Alejandra María; Ortega Medina, Luis; Pérez Aguirre, María Elia; De la-Serna Esteban, Sofía Cristina; Latorre, E; Neelsen, L
IntroductionOur aim is to find features that define prognosis in surgically resected ductal pancreatic adenocarcinoma readily accessible in everyday practice.Materials and methodsLongitudinal retrospective case series of pancreatic adenocarcinoma operated with a curative intent in a large tertiary hospital in Madrid between 2009 and 2015.Results162 were enrolled. 40.8% survived less than 1year. Multivariate Cox's regression model revealed that gender, presence of symptoms, T and N stage independently influenced progression-free survival, while overall survival was determined by gender, smoking, presence of symptoms and N stage. Logistic regression analysis revealed that only symptoms at diagnosis could predict death, while gender, symptoms, histopathological type, vessel invasion, T stage and necrosis could independently predict recurrence.DiscussionOur series show that patients with symptomatic disease at the time of diagnosis and females showed a shorter progression-free and overall survival. We herein propose a regression model to predict outcome.
Using Scenarios for Reducing Uncertainties in Biodiversity Conservation: From Global Targets to European Steppes
(Conservation Letters, 2025) Pérez Granados, Cristian; Lenzner, Bernd; Díaz Esteban, Mario; Benítez López, Ana; Marques, Ana T.; Tarjuelo, Rocío; Gómez Catasús, Julia; Roura Pascual, Núria; Vögeli, Matthias; Valera, Francisco; Václav, Radovan; Tryjanowski, Piotr; Traba, Juan; Santangeli, Andrea; Jiménez, Gema Ruiz; Revilla Martín, Natalia; Mougeot, Francois; Moreira, Francisco; Morales, Manuel B.; Mañosa, Santi; López Iborra, Germán M.; Latombe, Guillaume; Golivets, Marina; Concepción Cuevas, Elena Daniela; Cabodevilla, Xabier; Brotons, Lluís; Bravo, Carolina; Brambilla, Mattia; Bota, Gerard; Bolonio, Luis; Arroyo, Beatriz; Zurdo, Julia; Silva, João Paulo; Serrano, David; Sanz Pérez, Ana; Salgado, Iván; Šálek, Martin; Sáez Gómez, Pedro; Reverter, Margarita; Onrubia, Alejandro; Olea, Pedro P.; Nikolov, Boris; Martín, Carlos A.; López Poveda, Gabriel; Leiva, Antonio; Giralt, David; Crispim Mendes, Tiago; Casas, Fabián; Bustillo de la Rosa, Daniel; Barrero, Adrián; Gameiro, João
Scenario analysis allows assessing how complex socio-ecological systems might respond to different policy pathways. We used an expert-based participatory approach to explore how four different European socio-ecological scenarios could impact (1) the implementation of the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KM-GBF) and (2) the achievement of priority conservation actions for safeguarding European steppe ecosystems. KM-GBF targets were expected to be met only under the scenario with increased commitment for sustainable development goals and global cooperation, but hardly achievable under the most environment-adverse and resource-demanding scenarios. Integrating different views from these scenarios, we identified six overarching recommendations for the conservation of European steppe ecosystems, including improving public awareness, empowering local communities, and promoting the engagement of private companies into conservation planning. Our approach identifies how socioeconomic drivers influence the success of the KM-GBF and the conservation of European steppes, providing a range of general conservation actions structured and prioritized to be effective under a wide range of likely future developments.
Expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 as prognostic markers in gastric carcinoma
(Hepato-Gastroenterology, 2007) de Mingo, Marta; Morán, Alberto; Sánchez Pernaute, Andrés; Iniesta Serrano, María Pilar; Díez Valladares, Luis Ignacio; Pérez Aguirre, María Elia; Juan Chocano, María Del Carmen De; Garcia Aranda, Cristina; Díaz López, Antonio; García Botella, Alejandra María; Martín Antona, Esteban; Benito De Las Heras, Manuel R.; Torres García, Antonio José; Balibrea Cantero, José Luis
Background/Aims: The aim of the present work is to clarify the role of metalloproteinase-9 and its inhibitor in the evolution of gastric cancer after surgical resection. Methodology: We have studied 44 gastric cancer patients submitted to surgery. There were 13 proximal tumors, 16 located in the middle third and 15 in the distal one. Overall survival was 26% at 6 years. Metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase concentrations were investigated by means of ELISA in frozen samples of tumoral and normal gastric mucosa. Results: Mean concentration of metalloproteinase-9 in tumoral tissue was 42ng/mg of total protein, and this value was 6.9 times greater than the mean concentration in non-tumoral tissue. Cancer tissue also expressed higher levels of TIMP-1, 7.25 versus 4.39ng/mg of protein. Higher levels of metalloproteinase expression in tumoral tissue, greater [metalloproteinase in tumor]/[metalloprotoinase in nontumor] ratio and greater [metalloproteinase]/Einhibitorl ratio in tumor cells, were all of them statistically related to a worse prognosis when T1 and T2 tumors were considered. Conclusions: The expression of metalloproteinase9 or its inhibitor is related to a more aggressive phenotype of gastric cancer.
Its not a book; it’s a Bok”: social work students’ experience of using creative journaling practices as a pedagogical tool to develop transformative learning during the COVID-19 pandemic
(Social Work Education, 2023) Wallengren-Lynch, Michael; Archer-Kuhn, Beth; Earls Larrison, Tara; Mercado García, Esther; Chen Henglien, Lisa; Mitra vom Bergf, Nishi; Segev, Einav; Blanco Carrasco, Marta
This paper reports on an international research project designed to explore the relevance and impact of creative journaling as a pedagogical tool during the COVID-19 pandemic. The project involved seven social work and social policy educators from eight countries: namely, Canada, India, Israel, Jersey Island, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and United States of America. Our work comes out of a larger mixed-method project that aimed to understand how creative journaling may help to facilitate transformative learning experiences and professional socialization processes of social work students. The data used for this article explicitly interpret conversations from two transnational focus groups, comprising 15 students from six participating countries (Canada, Spain, Jersey, India, UK, United States of America) in 2020–2021. Five significant themes emerged: Remote Learning during COVID-19, Self-care during COVID-19, Learning through the use of the Bok, Personal and Professional Identities, and Pathways toward Transformative learning. The findings revealed that creative journaling practices were important components of students’ professional development processes. Our intention with this paper is to contribute conceptual and practical insights into the implementation and impact of creative journaling practices.
Vitamin D deficiency downregulates TASK-1 channels and induces pulmonary vascular dysfunction
(American Journal of Physiology - Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, 2020) Callejo Arranz, María; Mondejar Parreño, Gema; Morales Cano, Daniel; Barreira, Bianca; Esquivel Ruiz, Sergio Antonio; Olivencia Plaza, Miguel Ángel; Moreno Gutiérrez, Laura; Cogolludo Torralba, Ángel Luis; Pérez Vizcaíno, Francisco
Vitamin D (VitD) receptor regulates the expression of several genes involved in signaling pathways affected in pulmonary hypertension (PH). VitD deficiency is highly prevalent in PH, and low levels are associated with poor prognosis. We investigated if VitD deficiency may predispose to or exacerbate PH. Male Wistar rats were fed with a standard or a VitD-free diet for 5 wk. Next, rats were further divided into controls or PH, which was induced by a single dose of Su-5416 (20 mg/kg) and exposure to hypoxia (10% O2) for 2 wk. VitD deficiency had no effect on pulmonary pressure in normoxic rats, indicating that, by itself, it does not trigger PH. However, it induced several moderate but significant changes characteristic of PH in the pulmonary arteries, such as increased muscularization, endothelial dysfunction, increased survivin, and reduced bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp) 4, Bmp6, DNA damage-inducible transcript 4, and K+ two-pore domain channel subfamily K member 3 (Kcnk3) expression. Myocytes isolated from pulmonary arteries from VitD-deficient rats had a reduced whole voltage-dependent potassium current density and acid-sensitive (TASK-like) potassium currents. In rats with PH induced by Su-5416 plus hypoxia, VitD-free diet induced a modest increase in pulmonary pressure, worsened endothelial function, increased the hyperreactivity to serotonin, arterial muscularization, decreased total and TASK-1 potassium currents, and further depolarized the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell membrane. In human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells from controls and patients with PH, the active form of VitD calcitriol significantly increased KCNK3 mRNA expression. Altogether, these data strongly suggest that the deficit in VitD induces pulmonary vascular dysfunction.
El poder suave de las Artes: la Bienal de Venecia y la diplomacia cultural entre Italia y España (1948-1958)
(Historia del presente, 2013) Quaggio, Giulia
Si se toma como punto de partida la capacidad que demuestra la cultura para influir en las decisiones de los responsables de la política exterior, la Bienal de Venecia supone un excelente caso de estudio a la hora de reflexionar sobre las relaciones políticas e intelectuales que Italia y España mantuvieron durante los años cincuenta a través del lenguaje común del arte abstracto. Además, siendo el concepto mismo de diplomacia cultural más bien ambiguo, este artículo puede ayudar a entender mejor la conexión conceptual entre las relaciones culturales y la diplomacia internacional durante la Guerra Fría. Paradójicamente España, según la perspectiva del gobierno democristiano italiano, representaba una pieza más de una nueva Europa culturalmente conectada y fundada sobre los valores de las democracias liberales atlánticas.
Disrupting the game: ordinary language and situated action
(The Bloomsbury handbook of wittgensteinian feminism, 2025) De Salvador Agra, Saleta; Trächtler, Jasmin; Gamero Cabrera, Isabel G.; Braune, Camille; Laugie, Sandra
So-called ‘ordinary language philosophy’ (OLP) emerged in the 1930s at the University of Cambridge and reached its maximum splendour in the philosophical context of Oxford, after the Second World War. That is why it is sometimes called the ‘Oxford Philosophy’, although it has been simultaneously implemented in both universities, in ‘Oxbridge’. Despite lacking a distinctive name1(cf. Pears 1966), the ‘family resemblance’ – in Wittgenstein’s terms (cf. 1986: 67) – stands out among its representatives due to the way in which they do philosophy. In the context of the so-called true ‘Revolution in philosophy’ (Ayer 1956), we encounter a composite nominal landscape shaped primarily by prominent and diverse philosophers such as Ludwig Wittgenstein, John Wisdom, Gilbert Ryle, John L. Austin, Geoffrey Warnock, Isaiah Berlin, Bernard Williams, Stuart Hampshire, Richard Hare, David Pears, Henry Price, Peter Strawson, Paul Grice, etc. Following Wittgenstein’s powerful analogy between language and game, it should be noted that the different OLP games shared not only a context (pre-war, war and post-war England) but also a research activity on how words are used in ordinary practice, since it is in that use where philosophical confusions arise.
Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct: A diagnostic challenge for optimal treatment
(Cirugia Espanola, 2018) De la-Serna Esteban, Sofía Cristina; Pérez Aguirre, María Elia; Díez Valladares, Luis Ignacio; García Botella, Alejandra María; Torres García, Antonio José
Las polisemias de la paz en Colombia: paz territorial, paz con legalidad y paz total
(Revista de Estudios Políticos, 2024) Ríos Sierra, Jerónimo
El siguiente trabajo analiza las diferentes narrativas construidas sobre las nociones de paz territorial, paz con legalidad y paz total, desarrolladas bajos los gobiernos de Juan Manuel Santos, Iván Duque y Gustavo Petro, respectivamente. Desde un análisis discursivo, la fuente primaria son dieciocho entrevistas en profundidad realizadas a protagonistas en la transformación de la violencia en Colombia. A partir de criterios de pertinencia, pluralidad, representatividad y saturación se problematizan universos semánticos de diferente color ideológico, enriquecido por las voces de exdirigentes de las FARC-EP y altos mandos del estamento militar. Así, las coordenadas sociopolíticas y el lugar de enunciación experimentan continuidades y rupturas que cobran sentido en torno a un concepto, la paz, tan complejo como polisémico.
Single-anastomosis duodenoileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S) for obese diabetic patients
(Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases, 2015) Sánchez Pernaute, Andrés; Rubio Herrera, Miguel Ángel; Cabrerizo García, Lucio; Ramos Levi, Ana; Pérez Aguirre, María Elia; Torres García, Antonio José
Background: Bariatric operations achieve a high remission rate of type 2 diabetes in patients with morbid obesity. Malabsorptive operations usually are followed by a higher rate of metabolic improvement, though complications and secondary effects of these operations are usually higher. Objectives: Analyze the results of a simplified duodenal switch, the single-anastomosis duodenoileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S) on patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2 DM). Setting: University Hospital, Madrid, Spain. Methods: Ninety-seven T2 DM patients with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 44.3 kg/m(2) were included. Mean preoperative glycated hemoglobin was 7.6%, and mean duration of the disease was 8.5 years. Forty patients were under insulin treatment. SADI-S was completed with a sleeve gastrectomy performed over a 54 French bougie and a 200 cm common limb in 28 cases and 250 cm in 69. Results: Follow up was possible for 86 patients (95.5%) in the first postoperative year, 74 (92.5%) in the second, 66 (91.6%) in the third, 46 (86.7%) in the fourth and 25 out of 32 (78%) in the fifht postoperative year. Mean glycemia and glycated hemoglobin decreased immediately. Control of the disease, with HbA1c below 6%, was obtained in 70 to 84% in the long term, depending on the initial antidiabetic therapy. Most patients abandoned antidiabetic therapy after the operation. Absolute remission rate was higher for patients under oral therapy than for those under initial insulin therapy, 92.5% versus 47% in the first postoperative year, 96.4% versus 56% in the third and 75% versus 38.4% in the fifth. A short diabetes history and no need for insulin were related to a higher remission rate. Three patients had to be reoperated for recurrent hypoproteinemia. Conclusion: SADI-S is an effective therapeutic option for obese patients with diabetes mellitus. (C) 2015 American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery. All rights reserved.

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