Identificación y análisis de análogos naturales en el suroeste de España para su réplica en Restauración Geomorfológica
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2025
Defense date
18/09/2025
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Abstract
RESUMEN: La transición energética actual está sustituyendo, a nivel mundial, la minería de hidrocarburos por la metálica, en tanto esta proporciona minerales que son clave para ese cambio (cobre, litio, níquel, wolframio…), los cuales son críticos para el desarrollo de baterías eléctricas, paneles solares o aerogeneradores. Esta coyuntura otorga a regiones como el suroeste de España una posición estratégica y geopolítica muy destacadas en el contexto europeo, con un gran potencial de desarrollo minero. Sin embargo, la minería genera un gran rechazo en Europa y en España. En este contexto, las técnicas de restauración geomorfológica, que permiten replicar la configuración y dinámica de los paisajes naturales en grandes escombreras o balsas mineras, constituyen una técnica que puede hacer compatible la minería con una gran aceptación social y con la restitución de ecosistemas y paisajes diversos.
Uno de los métodos de restauración geomorfológica más utilizados a nivel mundial, GeoFluv – Natural Regrade, que se está comenzando a utilizar en esta región, precisa de la identificación de análogos (relieves) naturales en los que se puedan medir toda una serie de parámetros (inputs) de diseño, que permitan luego replicar paisajes similares a los naturales.
En este contexto, se ha realizado la caracterización morfométrica de paisajes fluviales en el suroeste de Badajoz, norte de Sierra Morena (cerca de Peñarroya) y norte de Huelva (cerca de La Calvilla) utilizando herramientas de teledetección, en concreto, Google Earth Pro. El objetivo principal ha sido obtener los referidos inputs necesarios para futuros diseños de RG con el método GeoFluv. En concreto, se han medido: (a) la sinuosidad, a partir de la relación entre la longitud de los cauces y sus valles); (b) la longitud de los tramos rectos de cauces con trazado en zigzag; (c) la densidad de drenaje; (d) la distancia entre las divisorias y el inicio de los cauces.
Los resultados de este análisis se sintetizaron en tres tablas, correspondientes a cada una de las tres localizaciones regionales, que ofrecen valores de rango de referencia. Estos datos son fundamentales y pueden ser utilizados directamente en el software Carlson Natural Regrade para la realización de diseños de restauración geomorfológica en futuros proyectos mineros del suroeste de España.
ABSTRACT: The current energy transition is globally replacing hydrocarbon mining with metallic mining, as the latter provides essential minerals (copper, lithium, nickel, tungsten). These minerals are crucial for developing electric batteries, solar panels, and wind turbines. This situation gives regions such as southwestern Spain a prominent strategic and geopolitical position in Europe, with significant potential for mining development. However, mining faces widespread rejection in Europe and Spain. In this context, geomorphological restoration techniques, which allow the configuration and dynamics of natural landscapes to be replicated in large waste dumps or mining ponds, offer a way to make mining compatible with broad social acceptance and the restoration of diverse ecosystems and landscapes. One of the most widely used geomorphological restoration methods worldwide, GeoFluv (Natural Regrade), which is just beginning to be used in this region, requires the identification of natural analogues (reliefs) in which a series of design parameters (inputs) can be measured, allowing for the subsequent replication of landscapes like those found in nature. In this context, a morphometric characterization of fluvial landscapes was carried out in southwest Badajoz, northern Sierra Morena (near Peñarroya), and northern Huelva (near La Calvilla) using remote sensing tools, specifically Google Earth Pro. The main objective was to obtain the input necessary for future GR designs using the GeoFluv method. Specifically, the following were measured: (a) sinuosity, based on the relationship between channel length and valley length; (b) the length of straight sections of zigzag channels; (c) drainage density; (d) distance between watersheds and channel inlets. The results of this analysis were summarized in three tables, corresponding to each of the three regional locations, which provide reference range values. These data are essential and can be used directly in Carlson Natural Regrade software for developing geomorphological restoration designs for future mining projects in southwestern Spain.
ABSTRACT: The current energy transition is globally replacing hydrocarbon mining with metallic mining, as the latter provides essential minerals (copper, lithium, nickel, tungsten). These minerals are crucial for developing electric batteries, solar panels, and wind turbines. This situation gives regions such as southwestern Spain a prominent strategic and geopolitical position in Europe, with significant potential for mining development. However, mining faces widespread rejection in Europe and Spain. In this context, geomorphological restoration techniques, which allow the configuration and dynamics of natural landscapes to be replicated in large waste dumps or mining ponds, offer a way to make mining compatible with broad social acceptance and the restoration of diverse ecosystems and landscapes. One of the most widely used geomorphological restoration methods worldwide, GeoFluv (Natural Regrade), which is just beginning to be used in this region, requires the identification of natural analogues (reliefs) in which a series of design parameters (inputs) can be measured, allowing for the subsequent replication of landscapes like those found in nature. In this context, a morphometric characterization of fluvial landscapes was carried out in southwest Badajoz, northern Sierra Morena (near Peñarroya), and northern Huelva (near La Calvilla) using remote sensing tools, specifically Google Earth Pro. The main objective was to obtain the input necessary for future GR designs using the GeoFluv method. Specifically, the following were measured: (a) sinuosity, based on the relationship between channel length and valley length; (b) the length of straight sections of zigzag channels; (c) drainage density; (d) distance between watersheds and channel inlets. The results of this analysis were summarized in three tables, corresponding to each of the three regional locations, which provide reference range values. These data are essential and can be used directly in Carlson Natural Regrade software for developing geomorphological restoration designs for future mining projects in southwestern Spain.










