Evaluation of testicular echotexture with Ecotext as a diagnostic method of testicular dysfunction in stallions

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dc.contributor.authorDa Silva-Álvarez, E
dc.contributor.authorGaitskell-Phil, G
dc.contributor.authorOrtiz-Rodríguez, JM
dc.contributor.authorSerres Dalmau, María Consolacion
dc.contributor.authorGarcía-Rodríguez, B
dc.contributor.authorGutiérrez Cepeda, Luna
dc.contributor.authorMartín-Cano, FE
dc.contributor.authorEchegaray, A
dc.contributor.authorEscartin-Casas, N
dc.contributor.authorRequena, F
dc.contributor.authorGil, MC
dc.contributor.authorPeña, FJ
dc.contributor.authorOrtega-Ferrusola, C
dc.date.accessioned2024-02-08T07:42:17Z
dc.date.available2024-02-08T07:42:17Z
dc.date.issued2022-03-16
dc.descriptionCRediT authorship contribution statement E. Da Silva-Alvarez: performed experiments and, Methodology. J.M. Ortiz-Rodríguez: performed experiments and, Methodology. G. Gaitskell-Phillips: English review (native speaker), Writing e review & editing, Software. C. Serres: Formal analysis, performed the analysis of data, Validation, and, Writing e review & editing, Writing e original draft. B. García-Rodríguez: Formal analysis, performed the analysis of data, Validation, and, Writing e review & editing. L. Gutierrez-Cepeda: performed experiments and English, Writing e review & editing. F.E. Martín- Cano: Methodology, and, Data curation. A. Echegaray: Formal analysis, performed the analysis of data with Ecotext, Validation, and . N. Escartin-Casas: Formal analysis, performed the analysis of data with Ecotext, Validation, and, Writing e review & editing, Writing e original draft. F. Requena: Formal analysis, statisticalstadistical analysis, Data curation. M.C. Gil: performed experiments and, Methodology. F.J. Pena: ~ Conceptualization, Validation, and, Writing e review & editing. C. Ortega-Ferrusola: Conceptualization, conceived the study, Supervision, Formal analysis, and roles, Writing e original draft.
dc.description.abstractThis study aimed to assess if Ecotext, a new software for evaluation of testicular echotexture, is a good method for diagnosis of stallions with testicular dysfunction (TD). Relationships between Ecotext parameters and sperm motility and production, testicular volume, and testicular blood flow were also studied. Ecotext provides a total of six echotexture parameters: Ecotext 1 (black pixels), 2 (white pixels) and 3 (grey pixels), and another 3 parameters related to hypoechogenic areas: Ecotext tubular density (ETD), Ecotext tubular diameter (ETd), and Ecotext tubular area (ETA). Stallions (n = 33) were assessed using proven diagnostic techniques (spermiogram, B-mode and Pulse Doppler ultrasound), and subsequent analysis with Ecotext. Animals were classified as “control stallions” (n:21, acceptable semen quality), and “stallions with TD” (n:12, poor semen quality (TM < 60%, PM < 45% and total nº of sperm with PM < 2000 × 106 spz), that were subdivided into “induced TD group” (immunized, anti-GnRH vaccine) and “acquired TD group”. The acquired TD group showed differences in all Ecotext parameters in relation to controls (Ecotext 1:0.11 ± 0.17 vs 2.82 ± 2.52, Ecotext 2:1584.0 ± 575.8 vs 388 ± 368.2, Ecotext 3:134.2 ± 9.26; ETA: 2.14 ± 0.59 vs 5.40 ± 1.90; ETd: 65.66 ± 6.27 vs 86.93 ± 10.65 and ETD: 92.35 ± 11.24 vs 132.10 ± 16.35, p ≤ 0.001). Results suggest acquired TD stallions were suffering testicular degeneration with loss of architecture and function as all Ecotext parameters were altered in relation to controls. Induced TD horses only showed a reduction in ETD (116.2 ± 8.59 vs 132.10 ± 16.35, p ≤ 0.001), despite all sperm parameters being worse. These findings suggested immunized stallions probably only experience an acute loss of testicular functionality and parenchyma architecture is likely not affected since differences in Ecotext parameters with control stallions were not detected. ETD was the best parameter to identify animals with TD (AUC: 0.84, optimal cut-off value of 124.3 seminiferous tubules/cm2). Correlations were found between ETD and Doppler indices (PI: 0.60; RI: 0.47 p ≤ 0.001), total testicular volume (r: 0.48; p ≤ 0.05) and sperm motility (TM:0.51; and PM:0.54; p ≤ 0.001) and production (r:0.51; p ≤ 0.001). In summary, Ecotext could identify changes in testicular echotexture of stallions with TD. Results open the possibility for new research focused on establishing the relationship between Ecotext parameters and histomorphometry features in stallion testes.
dc.description.departmentDepto. de Medicina y Cirugía Animal
dc.description.facultyFac. de Veterinaria
dc.description.refereedTRUE
dc.description.sponsorshipMinisterio de Ciencias, Innovación y Universidades
dc.description.sponsorshipJunta de Extremadura
dc.description.sponsorshipFEDER
dc.description.statuspub
dc.identifier.citationDa Silva-Álvarez E, Gaitskell-Phil G, Ortiz-Rodríguez JM, Serres C, García-Rodríguez B, Gutiérrez-Cepeda L, Martín-Cano FE, Echegaray A, Escartin-Casas N, Requena F, Gil MC, Peña FJ, Ortega-Ferrusola C. Evaluation of testicular echotexture with Ecotext as a diagnostic method of testicular dysfunction in stallions: Theriogenology. 2022 Jun 185:50-60.
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.03.004
dc.identifier.essn1879-3231
dc.identifier.issn0093-691X
dc.identifier.officialurlhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0093691X22000930?via%3Dihub
dc.identifier.pmid35378327
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/100152
dc.journal.titleTheriogenology
dc.language.isoeng
dc.page.final60
dc.page.initial50
dc.publisherElseiver Science INC
dc.relation.projectIDPID2019-107797RA-100/AEI/10.13039/501100011033
dc.relation.projectIDIB20163
dc.relation.projectIDIB20008
dc.relation.projectIDGR21060
dc.relation.projectIDPD 18005
dc.relation.projectIDPRE2018-083354
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.accessRightsrestricted access
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subject.keywordEquine
dc.subject.keywordUltrasonography
dc.subject.keywordTestis
dc.subject.keywordTesticular blood flow
dc.subject.keywordSubfertility
dc.subject.keywordTesticular parenchyma
dc.subject.keywordSpermatozoa
dc.subject.keywordComputer-assisted pixel analysis
dc.subject.ucmVeterinaria
dc.subject.unesco3109 Ciencias Veterinarias
dc.titleEvaluation of testicular echotexture with Ecotext as a diagnostic method of testicular dysfunction in stallions
dc.typejournal article
dc.type.hasVersionVoR
dc.volume.number185
dspace.entity.typePublication
relation.isAuthorOfPublication2b556176-6383-4ccf-a9cd-73a6ebaf9a95
relation.isAuthorOfPublication961d550d-44ef-4da6-9f2e-402c982fe5f8
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery961d550d-44ef-4da6-9f2e-402c982fe5f8
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