La formación del sujeto de rendimiento : sobre la razón neoliberal y las tecnologías de autodisciplina
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2024
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21/06/2023
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Esta investigación explora, desde la perspectiva del análisis foucaultiano del neoliberalismo, la formación de la subjetividad neoliberal a través de diferentes tecnologías o dispositivos que el neoliberalismo diseña para gobernar las acciones de los individuos a través de su libertad. Esta perspectiva del neoliberalismo como subjetividad requiere, en todo caso, ir más allá del análisis de Foucault, debido a sus limitaciones históricas, recurriendo a autores con perspectivas similares desde sus lecturas del filósofo francés y cubriendo en ocasiones determinados huecos con pensadores fuera del canon foucaultiano. Para entender qué es el neoliberalismo es importante tomar en cuenta de entrada que no hay un neoliberalismo unívoco, sino que se trata de un fenómeno heterogéneo y plural, por lo cual resulta una tarea enormemente complicada dar cuenta de todos sus matices. Por ello, en la primera parte de la investigación me he centrado sobre todo en corrientes del neoliberalismo occidental, que recorre EE.UU. y Europa. En este apartado pretendo dar cuenta, como punto importante, de la vinculación entre el neoliberalismo y el pensamiento conservador y reaccionario antidemocrático, para lo cual ha sido necesario recurrir a autores alejados de la órbita de Foucault, pero de los que también se han hecho eco autores como Wendy Brown. La segunda parte de la investigación toma como análisis principal la formación del sujeto de rendimiento y su encaje dentro de la maquinaria productiva de capital y beneficios para sus empleadores, en el mismo proceso en el que los individuos pierden derechos laborales y aumentan las desigualdades y la precariedad en las poblaciones. Para tratar de paliar el descontento, el neoliberalismo genera una industria cultural del discurso de la felicidad y el optimismo que relega los problemas sistémicos a la responsabilidad de los individuos, y al mismo tiempo ata la subjetividad en el ámbito neoliberal individualista y privatizador, envolviendo esta situación en una apariencia de libertad y autonomía...
This research explores, from the perspective of foucaultian analysis of neoliberalism, the formation of neoliberal subjectivity through different technologies or devices that neoliberalism designs to control the actions of individuals through their freedom. This perspective of neoliberalism as subjectivity requires going beyond Foucault's analysis due to its historical limitations through authors with similar perspectives from their readings of the French philosopher, and sometimes covering certain gaps with thinkers outside the foucauldian canon, In order to understand what neoliberalism is, it is important to realize that there is no univocal neoliberalism, but rather a heterogeneous one, making it a complicated arduous task to account for all its nuances, so that in the first part of the research I have focused mainly on a Occidental neoliberalism, which runs through the USA and Europe. In this section I will also give an account of the link between conservative and reactionary anti-democratic thought and neoliberalism, for which it has been necessary to resort to authors far removed from Foucault's orbit, but who have also been echoed by authors such as Wendy Brown. The second part of the research will take as its main analysis the formation of the subject of performance and his or her fit within the productive machinery of capital and profits for their employers, while individuals lose labor rights and increase inequalities and precariousness in populations. In an attempt to alleviate discontent, neoliberalism will generate a cultural industry of the discourse of happiness and optimism which, in short, relegates systemic problems to the responsibility of individuals, and at the same time ties subjectivity in the individualistic and privatizing neoliberal sphere, wrapping this situation in an appearance of freedom and autonomy...
This research explores, from the perspective of foucaultian analysis of neoliberalism, the formation of neoliberal subjectivity through different technologies or devices that neoliberalism designs to control the actions of individuals through their freedom. This perspective of neoliberalism as subjectivity requires going beyond Foucault's analysis due to its historical limitations through authors with similar perspectives from their readings of the French philosopher, and sometimes covering certain gaps with thinkers outside the foucauldian canon, In order to understand what neoliberalism is, it is important to realize that there is no univocal neoliberalism, but rather a heterogeneous one, making it a complicated arduous task to account for all its nuances, so that in the first part of the research I have focused mainly on a Occidental neoliberalism, which runs through the USA and Europe. In this section I will also give an account of the link between conservative and reactionary anti-democratic thought and neoliberalism, for which it has been necessary to resort to authors far removed from Foucault's orbit, but who have also been echoed by authors such as Wendy Brown. The second part of the research will take as its main analysis the formation of the subject of performance and his or her fit within the productive machinery of capital and profits for their employers, while individuals lose labor rights and increase inequalities and precariousness in populations. In an attempt to alleviate discontent, neoliberalism will generate a cultural industry of the discourse of happiness and optimism which, in short, relegates systemic problems to the responsibility of individuals, and at the same time ties subjectivity in the individualistic and privatizing neoliberal sphere, wrapping this situation in an appearance of freedom and autonomy...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Filosofía, leída el 21-06-2023