Nuevos tratamientos en la leucemia linfocítica crónica
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2018
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02/2018
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Abstract
La Leucemia Linfocítica crónica (LLC) es la leucemia más prevalente en los países occidentales. Se desarrolla en adultos de edad avanzada y presenta un curso muy heterogéneo de la enfermedad al ser asintomática en un 50% de sus pacientes. Durante muchos años el tratamiento ha consistido en monoterapia o combinación de agentes alquilantes con distintos anticuerpos anti-CD20, como es el caso de la primera línea de tratamiento, fludarabina, ciclofosfamida y rituximab. Obteniendo una respuesta satisfactoria en un porcentaje importante de los pacientes. Sin embargo, los pacientes con recidivas, refractariedad o con la mutación del17p o mutación del TP53 no responden bien al tratamiento, llevando a desarrollar nuevos fármacos para su tratamiento. Éstos son inhibidores de dianas específicas que se encuentran sobre expresadas en la LLC, como el ibrutinib, el idelalisib y el venetoclax. Tras varios ensayos clínicos se ha autorizado por la Agencia Europea del Medicamento (EMA) su indicación para estos pacientes.
En el presente trabajo de fin de grado se presenta una revisión bibliográfica de los tratamientos convencionales, así como de los nuevos tratamientos. Además, se revisan la eficacia y toxicidad del ibrutinib y del idelalisib en los pacientes con LLC del Hospital Universitario La Paz (HULP).
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is the commonest leukemia in western countries. The disease typically occurs in elderly patients and has a highly variable clinical course. For many years, the treatment consisted of chemoimmunotherapy such asmonotherapy or combination of alkylating agents with different anti-cd20 antibodies, asis the case of the first line of treatment, ludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab. Obtaining a satisfactory response in a huge perc ntage of the patients. However, patients with recurrence, refractoriness or with a del(17p) or TP53 mutation, do not respond wellto this treatment. Leading to develop new drugs for them. These are inhibitors of specific targets that are found over expressed in CLL, such as ibrutinib, idelalisib and venetoclax. After several clinical trials, its indications for these patients have been authorized by the European Medicines Agency (EMA). In this present end-of-grade project, we present a bibliographic review of the conventional treatments, as well as the new ones. In addition, we review the efficacy and toxicity of ibrutinib and idelalisib in patients with CLL of the Hospital Universitario La Paz (HULP).
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is the commonest leukemia in western countries. The disease typically occurs in elderly patients and has a highly variable clinical course. For many years, the treatment consisted of chemoimmunotherapy such asmonotherapy or combination of alkylating agents with different anti-cd20 antibodies, asis the case of the first line of treatment, ludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab. Obtaining a satisfactory response in a huge perc ntage of the patients. However, patients with recurrence, refractoriness or with a del(17p) or TP53 mutation, do not respond wellto this treatment. Leading to develop new drugs for them. These are inhibitors of specific targets that are found over expressed in CLL, such as ibrutinib, idelalisib and venetoclax. After several clinical trials, its indications for these patients have been authorized by the European Medicines Agency (EMA). In this present end-of-grade project, we present a bibliographic review of the conventional treatments, as well as the new ones. In addition, we review the efficacy and toxicity of ibrutinib and idelalisib in patients with CLL of the Hospital Universitario La Paz (HULP).