Tratamiento de datos y videovigilancia: cumplimiento normativo. Marco regulatorio y aportaciones interpretativas del Tribunal de Justicia de la UE
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2026
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Aranzadi LA LEY
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DOPAZO FRAGUÍO, M. Pilar (2026). Tratamiento de datos y videovigilancia: cumplimiento normativo. Marco regulatorio y aportaciones interpretativas del Tribunal de Justicia de la UE . Revista LA LEY: Unión Europea, 146 abril, pp. 1-35.
Abstract
En el presente estudio son objeto de análisis las destacadas implicaciones que conlleva el empleo actual de sistemas de videovigilancia en determinados entornos públicos y, en particular, teniendo en cuenta las obligaciones que en materia de tratamiento de datos personales corresponden a todo sujeto responsable. En este sentido, se examina el estado de la cuestión, en atención a lo preceptuado por el vigente Reglamento general de protección de datos (RGPD) —marco regulatorio común en la Unión Europea— y, de acuerdo con el mismo, por la normativa específica aplicable en nuestro país. Con ello, son focalizados los requerimientos legales exigidos a los operadores responsables de datos, ya sean personas físicas o jurídicas, entidades privadas o públicas. A su vez, al respecto, se subrayan las consideraciones interpretativas que han sido aportadas por el Tribunal de Justicia Europeo en virtud de la Sentencia de 18 de diciembre de 2025 (Sala 1a), asunto C‐422/24: Storstockholms Lokaltrafik. La relevancia del citado pronunciamiento es principal, al concretar el ámbito aplicativo del RGPD y subrayar la importancia del deber de transparencia informativa. Lo dictado por el TSJUE ha de ser observado en todo caso, en aras de actuar con la debida proactividad y garantizando una adecuada práctica operativa.
This study examines the important legal effects of the current use of video surveillance systems in some public settings, paying particular attention to the duties that all data controllers have with regard to the processing of personal data. In this context, the current state of affairs is analyzed, taking into account the provisions of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) —the common regulatory framework in the European Union— and, in compliance with it, the particular laws that apply in our nation. The study focuses on the legal requirements imposed on data controllers, whether natural or legal persons, private or public entities. Furthermore, it highlights the recent interpretative considerations provided by the European Court of Justice in its Judgment of 18 December 2025 (First Chamber), case C‐422/24: Storstockholms Lokaltrafik. This decision is extremely important because it makes the GDPR's scope of application clear and emphasizes the significance of the duty of transparency. Therefore, the CJEU ́s 39 Decision must be observed in all cases to ensure proactive measures and proper operational practices.
This study examines the important legal effects of the current use of video surveillance systems in some public settings, paying particular attention to the duties that all data controllers have with regard to the processing of personal data. In this context, the current state of affairs is analyzed, taking into account the provisions of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) —the common regulatory framework in the European Union— and, in compliance with it, the particular laws that apply in our nation. The study focuses on the legal requirements imposed on data controllers, whether natural or legal persons, private or public entities. Furthermore, it highlights the recent interpretative considerations provided by the European Court of Justice in its Judgment of 18 December 2025 (First Chamber), case C‐422/24: Storstockholms Lokaltrafik. This decision is extremely important because it makes the GDPR's scope of application clear and emphasizes the significance of the duty of transparency. Therefore, the CJEU ́s 39 Decision must be observed in all cases to ensure proactive measures and proper operational practices.











