El movimiento contracultural de los años 80 en el cine español. La Movida Madrileña

Abstract

Nos situamos en 1939, España estaba gobernada por una dictadura con claros signos de la influencia de los totalitarismos alemanes e italianos. Durante los 40 años que duró el régimen hubo muchos sectores afectados negativamente, pero el predominante y el que más sufrió fue el ámbito de la cultura. En 1975, se inició un proceso de transición pacífica hacia la democracia que trajo consigo una gran cantidad de mejoras para la sociedad. Muchos jóvenes experimentaron una época de liberación cultural e ideológica, donde la homosexualidad y el consumo de drogas empezaron a dejar de ser un tema tabú. Se abrió un gran abanico de nuevas posibilidades. La Movida Madrileña fue una auténtica revolución que hizo posible que el cine español encontrase la puerta de salida hacia una sociedad con una nueva identidad y con libertad de expresión.

Spain was governed by a dictatorship with clear signs of the influence of German and Italian totalitarianism. During the 40 years that the regime lasted there were many sectors negatively affected, but the predominant one and the one that suffered the most was the field of culture. Spain at that time was marked by censorship, so many artists were affected by the lack of freedom of expression. In 1975, a process of peaceful transition to democracy began, which brought with it a great deal of improvements for society. Many young people experienced a time of cultural and ideological liberation, where homosexuality and drug use began to cease to be a taboo subject. A wide range of new possibilities opened up. New musical groups such as Nacha Pop, Mecano, Radio Futuro o Barón Rojo. But not only music knew this explosion of creativity, painters, filmmakers, street artists and photographers also enjoyed a leading role in the Movida Madrileña, a countercultural movement that emerged in Madrid during the early years of the Transition of post-Franco Spain, which spread to other provinces with the generic name of the "movida". One of the protagonists of this movement was Pedro Almodóvar, a Spanish film director, screenwriter and producer who managed to create his own film genre through his stories about love, sex, religion and death. Cinema took a 360º turn with respect to the 1939 regime, new recording techniques, new methods in the realization of the shots, exaltation of the characters, new colors and more depth. The Movida Madrileña was a true revolution that made it possible for Spanish cinema to find the exit door to a society with a new identify and freedom of expression.