Correlación entre la respuesta completa patológica (pT0/is pN0) tras tratamiento neoadyuvante con TCH o TCHP y los subtipos intrínsecos definidos por PAM50 en el carcinoma de mama HER2 positivo
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2026
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09/03/2026
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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El subtipo HER2+ representa entre el 10% y el 20% de los casos de cáncer de mama y, en ausencia de un tratamiento específico, se asocia a un peor pronóstico en compara-ción con otros subtipos. El descubrimiento de trastuzumab, un anticuerpo monoclonal dirigido contra HER2, supuso un hito en el tratamiento de esta enfermedad y, en com-binación con la quimioterapia, se consolidó como el tratamiento de elección en los es-tadios II y III. Adicionalmente, se demostró que los pacientes con cáncer de mama, y en particular aquellos con tumores HER2+, que lograban una respuesta completa patoló-gica (pCR) (ypT0/is ypN0) con el tratamiento neoadyuvante presentaban mejor pronós-tico que quienes no la obtenían, independientemente del tratamiento administrado. A pesar de estos avances, hasta un 20% de los pacientes recaía, lo que impulsó estrategias de escalada terapéutica, como el bloqueo dual de HER2. La adición de pertuzumab, otro anticuerpo antiHER2, a estos esquemas incrementó de manera significativa la tasa de pCR. La cuestión clave es si todos los pacientes requieren pertuzumab como parte del tratamiento neoadyuvante, considerando que, en el escenario adyuvante, su beneficio se circunscribe a los casos con afectación ganglionar. Por ello, es fundamental identificar factores predictivos de pCR, más allá de los factores clínicos clásicos, que permitan se-leccionar de forma más precisa el grupo que realmente se beneficia del doble bloqueo antiHER2...
HER2+ subtype accounts for approximately 10% to 20% of breast cancer cases and, in the absence of targeted treatment, is associated with a dismal prognosis compared to other subtypes. The development of trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody that binds to HER2, marked a milestone in the treatment of this disease and, in combination with chemotherapy, became the standard of care in stage II and III breast cancer patients. Additionally, it was demonstrated that patients achieving a pathological complete re-sponse (pCR) (ypT0/is ypN0) after neoadjuvant therapy had better long term outcomes, regardless of treatment. Despite these advances, up to 20% of patients experienced re-lapse, prompting therapeutic escalation strategies such as dual HER2 blockade. The ad-dition of pertuzumab, another antiHER2 monoclonal antibody, to neoadjuvant sched-ules containing chemotherapy with trastuzumab, significantly increased pCR rates. The main issue is whether all patients necessarily require pertuzumab as part of neoad-juvant treatment, especially considering that in the adjuvant setting, its benefit appears restricted to cases with nodal involvement. Therefore, it is crucial to identify predictive factors of pCR, beyond classical clinical variables, to more precisely select those patients who truly benefit from dual antiHER2 blockade...
HER2+ subtype accounts for approximately 10% to 20% of breast cancer cases and, in the absence of targeted treatment, is associated with a dismal prognosis compared to other subtypes. The development of trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody that binds to HER2, marked a milestone in the treatment of this disease and, in combination with chemotherapy, became the standard of care in stage II and III breast cancer patients. Additionally, it was demonstrated that patients achieving a pathological complete re-sponse (pCR) (ypT0/is ypN0) after neoadjuvant therapy had better long term outcomes, regardless of treatment. Despite these advances, up to 20% of patients experienced re-lapse, prompting therapeutic escalation strategies such as dual HER2 blockade. The ad-dition of pertuzumab, another antiHER2 monoclonal antibody, to neoadjuvant sched-ules containing chemotherapy with trastuzumab, significantly increased pCR rates. The main issue is whether all patients necessarily require pertuzumab as part of neoad-juvant treatment, especially considering that in the adjuvant setting, its benefit appears restricted to cases with nodal involvement. Therefore, it is crucial to identify predictive factors of pCR, beyond classical clinical variables, to more precisely select those patients who truly benefit from dual antiHER2 blockade...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, leída el 09-03-2026












