A 3D Model of the Jaw Applied to Paediatric Dentistry

Abstract

As education and knowledge are adapted to new education systems, as per the Bologna Plan, new technologies are required for educational support. In dentistry, the creation of virtual simulators can advance understanding in areas like anatomy. With this aim, a three-dimensional virtual model of the maxilo-mandibular system was created, based on a real infantile specimen. Once this model was developed, we applied this virtual structure to a teaching tool in a dentistry subject.The main objective of this project is the creation of a virtual model of the jaw, based on a real and infantile subject that serves as an educative tool in the scope of Paediatric Dentistry Anatomy. The secondary aims were to evaluate this model as an educational tool in a paediatric dentistry subject. For the main objective we obtained tomographic cuts of the craniofacial skeleton of a three-year-old girl that were transcribed to the program Amira 5.3.0. On the cuts, we segmented and named all the mandibular structures: jaw, temporary teeth, and permanent teeth. For the secondary aims we developed virtual clinical cases based on this mandibular model and gave a questionnaire to 29 dentistry students in order to evaluate the tool. A total of 512 cuts were obtained in sagittal and coronal planes and 309 in the cross-sectional plane of a thickness of 0.625 mm. In different colours, we segmented the total 25 structures to generate a three-dimensional mandibular model. For the questionnaire, the results of the students’ satisfaction of the tool were high, with an overall score of 8.5 out of 10. The educative system based on the Bologna Plan is a reality. The self-training based on test and error, is a strategy of extreme utility for the student. With an interactive model, the student is able to value his knowledge instantaneously, and the presence of a professor is not essential at all times. Through this real model, we have described the anatomical study of temporary teething, as well as its interactions with the developing permanent dentition, in a three-dimensional form. The students’ satisfaction of the teaching tool was high.