¿Son más virtuosos los hombres o las mujeres? : el uso de la forma dialógica en la cuarta cuestión del «Duodenarium» de Alfonso de Cartagena
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2024
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Institute of Latin American Studies
Citation
Montalvo Mareca, Sergio. «Are Men or Women More Virtuous? The Use of the Dialogical Formula in the Fourth Question of Alfonso de Cartagena’s Duodenarium». Latin American and Caribbean Studies, vol. 43, n.o 3, noviembre de 2024, pp. 127-44. DOI.org (Crossref), https://doi.org/10.17855/jlas.2024.5.43.3.127.
Abstract
RESUMEN: La figura de Alfonso de Cartagena se ha abordado desde diferentes perspectivas de acuerdo con las diversas aristas que ofreció: humanista, autor literario, traductor de Séneca, diplomático al servicio de la Corona de Castilla, etcétera. No obstante, este artículo atenderá a una de sus obras principales, el «Duodenarium» (c. 1442). En concreto, el análisis se centrará en la última de las cuatro cuestiones que allí se plantean: ¿es más virtuoso el hombre o la mujer? La obra posee una estructura externa epistolar, mediante la que Alfonso de Cartagena responde a diversas preguntas que previamente le ha formulado su amigo, Hernán Pérez de Guzmán. Cuando llega a la última de las demandas, el autor confiesa encontrarse en un brete, pues debe responder si son mejores los hombres o las mujeres. En este sentido, la decisión de tomar a uno de los dos sexos como el más virtuoso conllevará necesariamente la ira del otro, por lo que el autor decide mantener una cierta neutralidad. Para conseguirla, pondrá a dialogar a diferentes parejas, formadas cada una de ellas por un varón y una dama, sobre las bondades propias de unas y de otros. De esta manera, será el lector quien, tras haber presenciado las argumentaciones, concederá la victoria a quien corresponda. La estrategia resulta ingeniosa y se adscribe a la rama humanista que procuraba la recuperación de géneros clásicos, como la epístola o el diálogo. No obstante, el resultado que se advierte en el «Duodenarium» ofrece luces y sombras. Esto supone el objeto de estudio de esta investigación: atender a los aciertos y errores en la construcción de las tres pláticas que integran la cuarta cuestión desde la teórica del género del diálogo para arrojar luz sobre este ejercicio por parte de Alfonso de Cartagena de aproximar el diálogo, género recuperado por los humanistas italianos, al panorama literario español.
ABSTRACT: The work of Alfonso de Cartagena has been approached from different perspectives according to the different aspects he offered: humanist, literary author, translator of Seneca, diplomat at the service of the Crown of Castile, etc. However, this article will attend to one of his main works, the «Duodenarium» (c. 1442). Specifically, the analysis will focus on the last of the four questions posed there: who is more virtuous, man or woman? The work is structured as an epistle in which Alfonso de Cartagena answers various questions posed by his friend, Hernán Pérez de Guzmán. When he must answer the last of the demands, the author confesses that he finds himself in a dilemma, as he must decide whether men or women are better. The decision to choose one of the two sexes as the better will necessarily incur the wrath of the other, so the author decides to maintain a certain neutrality. To achieve this, he will set up a dialogue between different couples, each consisting of a man and a woman, about the goodness of one or the other. In this way, the reader will decide, after having witnessed the arguments, the solution to the dilemma. The strategy is ingenious and belongs to the humanist branch that promoted the recovery of classical genres such as the epistle or the dialogue. Nevertheless, the result that can be seen in the «Duodenarium» offers lights and shade. From the point of view of genre theorists, this research aims to analyse the successes and errors in the construction of the three talks that make up the fourth question. In this way, the conclusions will be able to verify the quality of Alfonso de Cartagena's work to bring the dialogue, a genre recovered by the Italian humanists, closer to the Spanish literary panorama.
ABSTRACT: The work of Alfonso de Cartagena has been approached from different perspectives according to the different aspects he offered: humanist, literary author, translator of Seneca, diplomat at the service of the Crown of Castile, etc. However, this article will attend to one of his main works, the «Duodenarium» (c. 1442). Specifically, the analysis will focus on the last of the four questions posed there: who is more virtuous, man or woman? The work is structured as an epistle in which Alfonso de Cartagena answers various questions posed by his friend, Hernán Pérez de Guzmán. When he must answer the last of the demands, the author confesses that he finds himself in a dilemma, as he must decide whether men or women are better. The decision to choose one of the two sexes as the better will necessarily incur the wrath of the other, so the author decides to maintain a certain neutrality. To achieve this, he will set up a dialogue between different couples, each consisting of a man and a woman, about the goodness of one or the other. In this way, the reader will decide, after having witnessed the arguments, the solution to the dilemma. The strategy is ingenious and belongs to the humanist branch that promoted the recovery of classical genres such as the epistle or the dialogue. Nevertheless, the result that can be seen in the «Duodenarium» offers lights and shade. From the point of view of genre theorists, this research aims to analyse the successes and errors in the construction of the three talks that make up the fourth question. In this way, the conclusions will be able to verify the quality of Alfonso de Cartagena's work to bring the dialogue, a genre recovered by the Italian humanists, closer to the Spanish literary panorama.
Description
Este trabajo se ha realizado en el marco del proyecto "Dialogyca: Del manuscrito a la prensa periódica: estudios filológicos y editoriales del Diálogo hispánico en dos momentos 2" (DIALOMOM 2). Nº ref. ID2021-125646NB-I00 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER) con sede en el Instituto Universitario Menéndez Pidal de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid.