Sesgos androcéntricos y herramientas feministas para la transformación social en iniciativas comunitarias de cuidado
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2025
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Ediciones Complutense
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Legarreta-Iza, M.; de Blas-Buruaga, I. & Ugena-Sancho, S. (2024). Sesgos androcéntricos y herramientas feministas para la transformación social en iniciativas comunitarias de cuidado. REVESCO. Revista de Estudios Cooperativos, 149(1), 1-20, e99022. https://dx.doi.org/10.5209/REVE.99022.
Abstract
Actualmente vivimos en un escenario de crisis de cuidados caracterizado por una creciente demanda de los mismos y por un modelo de provisión deficiente y con escasos recursos. Como respuesta, surgen iniciativas alternativas que articulan de manera colectiva nuevas formas de organización del cuidado. Muchas funcionan de forma autogestionada y se alinean con los principios de la Economía Social y Solidaria y la Economía Feminista. En este contexto, entre 2021 y 2023 hemos llevado a cabo un trabajo etnográfico con el fin de estudiar tres casos del Estado español, mediante 27 entrevistas semiestructuradas, 6 talleres, diversas sesiones de observación participante, así como e-research. La primera es una asociación de trabajado del hogar que presta cuidados principalmente a personas mayores; la segunda, una asociación de familias organizadas en torno a un proyecto de escuela alternativa; y la tercera una cooperativa que elabora
alimentos agroecológicos, ofrece catering y facilita la conciliación y la corresponsabilidad del cuidado de criaturas. Estas experiencias y sus participantes habitan espacios de tensión entre la economía del don y las demandas productivo-mercantiles del mercado. Observamos que en ellas persisten sesgos androcéntricos que (re)producen una división sexual del trabajo, manifestada en el reparto desigual de tareas, responsabilidades, funciones y roles, así como en el significado que mujeres y hombres les otorgan. En los tres casos se evidencia también un "estrabismo productivista". El artículo muestra que la teoría del don ofrece un marco que facilita una comprensión más profunda de las relaciones de reciprocidad que sostienen estos proyectos. De este modo, se contextualizan las amenazas, tensiones y contradicciones que socavan las iniciativas comunitarias de cuidado, así como las herramientas feministas desarrolladas en respuesta a ellas, como son, visibilizar y problematizar las desigualdades existentes y practicar el autocuidado. Con ello, se aspira a realizar una contribución a las investigaciones sobre la praxis de la Economía Social y Solidaria desde las perspectivas de la Economía Feminista y la Economía Moral
We are currently experiencing a care crisis in which increasing demands are being placed on flawed and under-resourced models of care provision. In response, alternative collective care provision initiatives have begun to articulate new forms of care organisation. Many operate on a self-managed basis and align themselves with the principles of Social and Solidarity and Feminist Economics. In this context, we conducted ethnographic fieldwork between 2021 and 2023 in order to better understand three cases from Spain. This included 27 in-depth interviews, 6 workshops, several participatory observation sessions, and e-research. The first initiative was an association of domestic workers that provides care for the elderly, the second a group of families organised around an alternative schooling project, and the third a worker cooperative that produces agro-ecological food, offers a catering service and facilitates co-responsible childcare. These projects and their participants dwell in spaces of tension between gift economics and the productive-mercantile demands of the market. We observed that androcentric inertias persist in these spaces, and (re)produce an inequitable sexual division of labour that manifests in the unfair distribution of and recognition afforded to tasks, responsibilities, functions and roles. Relatedly, a "short-sighted productivism" was evident across all three cases. Gift economy theory provides a framework that facilitates a deeper understanding of the relations of reciprocity that sustain these projects. This contextualised the threats, tensions and contradictions undermining these initiatives, as well as identifying and making sense of the feminist tools developed in response, such as making visible and problematizing inequalities, as well as practicing self-care. The paper aims to make a contribution to existing research into the praxis of Social and Solidarity Economics through the Feminist Economic and Moral Economics lenses.
We are currently experiencing a care crisis in which increasing demands are being placed on flawed and under-resourced models of care provision. In response, alternative collective care provision initiatives have begun to articulate new forms of care organisation. Many operate on a self-managed basis and align themselves with the principles of Social and Solidarity and Feminist Economics. In this context, we conducted ethnographic fieldwork between 2021 and 2023 in order to better understand three cases from Spain. This included 27 in-depth interviews, 6 workshops, several participatory observation sessions, and e-research. The first initiative was an association of domestic workers that provides care for the elderly, the second a group of families organised around an alternative schooling project, and the third a worker cooperative that produces agro-ecological food, offers a catering service and facilitates co-responsible childcare. These projects and their participants dwell in spaces of tension between gift economics and the productive-mercantile demands of the market. We observed that androcentric inertias persist in these spaces, and (re)produce an inequitable sexual division of labour that manifests in the unfair distribution of and recognition afforded to tasks, responsibilities, functions and roles. Relatedly, a "short-sighted productivism" was evident across all three cases. Gift economy theory provides a framework that facilitates a deeper understanding of the relations of reciprocity that sustain these projects. This contextualised the threats, tensions and contradictions undermining these initiatives, as well as identifying and making sense of the feminist tools developed in response, such as making visible and problematizing inequalities, as well as practicing self-care. The paper aims to make a contribution to existing research into the praxis of Social and Solidarity Economics through the Feminist Economic and Moral Economics lenses.







