Tributación efectiva de las Cooperativas en el Impuesto sobre Sociedades: evaluación y cuantificación de los beneficios fiscales para el caso español
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2025
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Ediciones Complutense
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Vázquez Taín, M.A.; Bastida Domínguez, M.; Vaquero García, A. & Cancelo Márquez, M. (2025). Tributación efectiva de las Cooperativas en el Impuesto sobre Sociedades: evaluación y cuantificación de los beneficios fiscales para el caso español. REVESCO. Revista de Estudios Cooperativos, 150(1), 1-20, e102340. https://dx.doi.org/10.5209/REVE.102340.
Abstract
Las sociedades cooperativas, como principales entidades de la Economía Social, cuentan con un tratamiento fiscal específico, teóricamente diseñado para favorecer su desarrollo y expansión. Este trabajo analiza si los beneficios fiscales actuales cumplen su propósito de fomentar el crecimiento y la competitividad de estas entidades, identificando las limitaciones existentes y proponiendo recomendaciones para la mejora de su régimen fiscal.
Para ello, se revisan los beneficios fiscales aplicables (reducción de la base imponible, bonificaciones en la cuota y tipos impositivos reducidos), se cuantifica su impacto y se comparan los resultados con los de otras estructuras empresariales mediante indicadores como el Tipo Impositivo Efectivo. Los resultados muestran que estos beneficios están desigualmente distribuidos, favoreciendo principalmente a las cooperativas de mayor tamaño, mientras que las más pequeñas apenas se ven beneficiadas. Además, el impacto global del régimen fiscal es modesto y no constituye un elemento significativo para mejorar la competitividad del sector.
El artículo concluye con la necesidad de iniciar un debate sobre la validez y el alcance del régimen fiscal diferenciado, recomendando su reforma para que sea más efectivo en el apoyo a las sociedades cooperativas
Cooperative societies, as the main entities within the Social Economy, benefit from a specific tax framework theoretically designed to support their development and expansion. This study examines whether the current tax benefits fulfil their purpose of fostering the growth and competitiveness of these entities, identifying existing limitations and proposing recommendations to improve their tax regime. To this end, it reviews the applicable tax benefits (such as tax base reductions, tax credits and reduced tax rates), quantifies their impact and compares the results with those of other business structures using indicators such as the Effective Tax Rate. The results reveal that these benefits are unevenly distributed, mainly favouring larger cooperatives, while smaller cooperatives hardly benefit at all. Moreover, the overall impact of the fiscal framework is modest and does not serve as a significant driver of the sector's competitiveness. The article concludes by calling for a debate on the validity and scope of the differentiated tax regime, recommending its reform to make it more effective in supporting cooperative societies
Cooperative societies, as the main entities within the Social Economy, benefit from a specific tax framework theoretically designed to support their development and expansion. This study examines whether the current tax benefits fulfil their purpose of fostering the growth and competitiveness of these entities, identifying existing limitations and proposing recommendations to improve their tax regime. To this end, it reviews the applicable tax benefits (such as tax base reductions, tax credits and reduced tax rates), quantifies their impact and compares the results with those of other business structures using indicators such as the Effective Tax Rate. The results reveal that these benefits are unevenly distributed, mainly favouring larger cooperatives, while smaller cooperatives hardly benefit at all. Moreover, the overall impact of the fiscal framework is modest and does not serve as a significant driver of the sector's competitiveness. The article concludes by calling for a debate on the validity and scope of the differentiated tax regime, recommending its reform to make it more effective in supporting cooperative societies







