Acceso a infraestructura y pobreza de los hogares en Perú: un enfoque de ciencia de datos

Abstract

La infraestructura comprende el conjunto de instalaciones, redes y equipamientos básicos que sostienen la actividad económica y el bienestar social. Incluye infraestructuras de transporte, energía, telecomunicaciones, agua y saneamiento. En un sentido amplio, también abarca equipamientos sociales asociados a la educación, la salud y la vivienda. Su provisión y funcionamiento dependen de un marco institucional, regulatorio y financiero adecuado. En conjunto, constituye un factor clave para el crecimiento económico, la productividad y el bienestar de la población. Esta tesis se orienta a investigar la infraestructura desde tres ejes complementarios: (i) la síntesis de la evidencia empírica global sobre la elasticidad de la producción respecto a la infraestructura mediante un modelo de meta-regresión multinivel, (ii) el análisis del efecto de la infraestructura de hogar en la reducción de la vulnerabilidad a la pobreza monetaria en el Perú mediante un modelo de panel multinivel, y (iii) la evaluación de impacto de una política social de acceso gratuito a Internet en zonas rurales del Perú, mediante un análisis espacial. Este enfoque integral permite articular distintos niveles de análisis y metodologías para saber si la infraestructura tiene un impacto en el crecimiento económico y en la sociedad. Este enfoque integral permite articular distintos niveles de análisis (macroeconómico, microeconómico y territorial) y distintas metodologías cuantitativas avanzadas, para evaluar de forma sistemática si la infraestructura tiene un impacto en el crecimiento económico y en el bienestar de la población...Infrastructure comprises the set of basic facilities, networks, and equipment that support economic activity and social well-being. It includes transport, energy, telecommunications, water, and sanitation infrastructure. In a broad sense, it also encompasses social facilities associated with education, health, and housing. Its provision and operation depend on an adequate institutional, regulatory, and financial framework. Taken together, it constitutes a key factor in economic growth, productivity, and the well-being of the population.This thesis aims to investigate infrastructure from three complementary perspectives: (i) a synthesis of the global empirical evidence on the elasticity of production with respect to infrastructure using a multilevel meta-regression model; (ii) an analysis of the effect of household infrastructure on reducing monetary poverty vulnerability in Peru using a multilevel panel model; and (iii) an impact evaluation of a social policy providing free Internet access in rural areas of Peru through a spatial analysis. This comprehensive approach allows for the integration of different levels of analysis (macroeconomic, microeconomic, and territorial) and advanced quantitative methodologies to systematically evaluate whether infrastructure has an impact on economic growth and society...Infrastructure comprises the set of basic facilities, networks, and equipment that support economic activity and social well-being. It includes transport, energy, telecommunications, water, and sanitation infrastructure. In a broad sense, it also encompasses social facilities associated with education, health, and housing. Its provision and operation depend on an adequate institutional, regulatory, and financial framework. Taken together, it constitutes a key factor in economic growth, productivity, and the well-being of the population.This thesis aims to investigate infrastructure from three complementary perspectives: (i) a synthesis of the global empirical evidence on the elasticity of production with respect to infrastructure using a multilevel meta-regression model; (ii) an analysis of the effect of household infrastructure on reducing monetary poverty vulnerability in Peru using a multilevel panel model; and (iii) an impact evaluation of a social policy providing free Internet access in rural areas of Peru through a spatial analysis. This comprehensive approach allows for the integration of different levels of analysis (macroeconomic, microeconomic, and territorial) and advanced quantitative methodologies to systematically evaluate whether infrastructure has an impact on economic growth and society...