Evaluación del desempeño ocupacional en la vida cotidiana en adictos. Creación de un instrumento de medida: el ADO
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2011
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Socidrogalcohol: Sociedad Científica Española de Estudios sobre el Alcohol, el Alcoholismo y las otras Toxicomanías
Citation
Rojo Mota, G., Pedrero Pérez, E.J., Ruiz Sánchez de León, J.M., Llanero Luque, M. & Puerta García, C. (2011). Evaluación del desempeño ocupacional en la vida cotidiana en adictos. Creación de un instrumento de medida: el ADO. Adicciones, 23(1), 27-35.
Abstract
La adicción es una alteración compleja del funcionamiento cerebral, que implica de forma prioritaria al córtex frontal como estructura encargada de la organización de la conducta intencional. El desempeño de la actividad en la vida cotidiana es uno de los factores claves a la hora de valorar el impacto del deterioro cognitivo. No contamos con instrumentos validados en español aplicables en adictos que valoren la autopercepción de eficacia en el desempeño de actividades en la vida cotidiana. Basándonos en el Occupational Self-Assessment, se desarrolla un cuestionario que evalúa: nivel percibido de calidad en la ejecución, valoración de las competencias e influencia del ambiente en el desempeño. Para el estudio se obtuvo una muestra de 425 sujetos de población no clínica y 300 de población tratada por adicción a sustancias. El Autoinforme de Desempeño Ocupacional (ADO) consta de 37 ítems y ha mostrado adecuada consistencia interna (α = 0,93, entre 0,75 y 0,87 para las subescalas) y una estructura estable en el análisis factorial confirmatorio. Las medidas de autoevaluación en la calidad del desempeño muestran correlaciones consistentes con sintomatología disejecutiva en la vida cotidiana (-0,54 < r < -0,66). El ADO se presenta como un instrumento fiable y válido para la exploración del nivel autopercibido de desempeño en la vida cotidiana de sujetos con adicción a sustancias y puede ser de utilidad para el establecimiento de objetivos de tratamiento en condiciones de elevada validez ecológica.
Addiction is a complex disorder of brain function, which involves primarily the frontal cortex as a structure responsible for the organization of intentional behavior. The performance of everyday life activity is one of the key factors in assessing the impact of cognitive impairment. There are no validated instruments in Spanish applicable to addicts for assessing self-perceived efficacy in the performance of everyday activities. Based on the Occupational Self-Assessment, a questionnaire was developed for the exploration of: perceived level of performance quality, evaluation of competences and the influence of environment on performance. For the study, a sample of 425 non-clinical participants and 300 patients treated for substance addiction was used. The Occupational Performance SelfReport (ADO) has 37 items and showed adequate internal consistency (α = 0.93, 0.75 and 0.87 for the subscales) and a stable structure in confirmatory factor analysis. The self-assessment of performance showed consistent correlation with dysexecutive symptoms in daily life (-0.54 < r < -0.66). The ADO emerges as a reliable and valid instrument for the exploration of self-perceived level of performance in the everyday lives of individuals with substance addiction, and may be useful for establishing treatment goals in conditions of high ecological validity.
Addiction is a complex disorder of brain function, which involves primarily the frontal cortex as a structure responsible for the organization of intentional behavior. The performance of everyday life activity is one of the key factors in assessing the impact of cognitive impairment. There are no validated instruments in Spanish applicable to addicts for assessing self-perceived efficacy in the performance of everyday activities. Based on the Occupational Self-Assessment, a questionnaire was developed for the exploration of: perceived level of performance quality, evaluation of competences and the influence of environment on performance. For the study, a sample of 425 non-clinical participants and 300 patients treated for substance addiction was used. The Occupational Performance SelfReport (ADO) has 37 items and showed adequate internal consistency (α = 0.93, 0.75 and 0.87 for the subscales) and a stable structure in confirmatory factor analysis. The self-assessment of performance showed consistent correlation with dysexecutive symptoms in daily life (-0.54 < r < -0.66). The ADO emerges as a reliable and valid instrument for the exploration of self-perceived level of performance in the everyday lives of individuals with substance addiction, and may be useful for establishing treatment goals in conditions of high ecological validity.
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La revista Adicciones es Open Access. Puede consultarse el texto completo en el siguiente enlace: https://www.adicciones.es/index.php/adicciones/article/view/164