As Fissuras na “Fortaleza Europeia”: o Impacto da Securitização na Transformação dos Regimes Fronteiriços do Atlântico
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2023
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De-Sousa-Ferreira, Susana (2023). "As Fissuras na “Fortaleza Europeia”: o Impacto da Securitização na Transformação dos Regimes Fronteiriços do Atlântico. Nação e Defesa, n. 165, pp. 29-46
Abstract
A discussão académica sobre as transformações dos regimes fronteiriços no âmbito europeu
tem-se centrado, em grande medida, no processo de externalização das fronteiras no quadro da política migratória. Esta tendência de externalização do controlo tornou as fronteiras omnipresentes, através da implementação de um conjunto de práticas, mecanismos e acordos que constituem um complexo sistema sociotécnico para monitorizar os movimentos fronteiriços e as rotas migratórias para a União Europeia (UE). Estas políticas de externalização baseadas numa visão securitária converteram as fronteiras europeias em veículos de poder e controlo, criando novas formas de governabilidade centradas num enfoque de “emergência” em situações de crise, que suspende a prática comum e cria um estado de exceção.
Neste trabalho, tomamos como ponto de partida os desembarques na costa portuguesa no
período entre 2019 e 2021 para entender a sua relação com o processo de securitização e externalização
das fronteiras europeias. Através de uma perspetiva construtivista, analisamos a transformação dos regimes migratórios no Atlântico e concluímos que as chegadas à costa do Algarve são uma das fissuras criadas no muro da fortaleza europeia, como consequência da crescente securitização das políticas migratórias.
The academic discussion on the transformations of border regimes in the European context has largely focused on the process of externalisation of borders in the framework of the migration policy. This trend of externalisation of control has made borders ubiquitous through the implementation of a set of practices, mechanisms and agreements that constitute a complex socio-technical system to monitor border movements and migration routes into the EU. These externalisation policies based on a securitarian vision have turned European borders into vehicles of power and control, creating new forms of governmentality centred on an ‘emergency’ approach in crisis situations, which suspends common practice and creates a state of exception. In this work, we take as a starting point the arrivals to the Portuguese coast between 2019 and 2021, in order to understand their relationship with the process of securitisation and externalisation of European borders. From a constructivist perspective, we analyse the transformation of migratory regimes in the Atlantic and conclude that the arrivals to the Algarve coast are one of the cracks created in the wall of the European fortress as a consequence of the increasing securitisation of migration policies.
The academic discussion on the transformations of border regimes in the European context has largely focused on the process of externalisation of borders in the framework of the migration policy. This trend of externalisation of control has made borders ubiquitous through the implementation of a set of practices, mechanisms and agreements that constitute a complex socio-technical system to monitor border movements and migration routes into the EU. These externalisation policies based on a securitarian vision have turned European borders into vehicles of power and control, creating new forms of governmentality centred on an ‘emergency’ approach in crisis situations, which suspends common practice and creates a state of exception. In this work, we take as a starting point the arrivals to the Portuguese coast between 2019 and 2021, in order to understand their relationship with the process of securitisation and externalisation of European borders. From a constructivist perspective, we analyse the transformation of migratory regimes in the Atlantic and conclude that the arrivals to the Algarve coast are one of the cracks created in the wall of the European fortress as a consequence of the increasing securitisation of migration policies.