Atención enfermera a pacientes transgénero: barreras, necesidades y buenas prácticas. Revisión Bibliográfica.
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2026
Defense date
02/02/2026
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Abstract
Introducción: La atención sanitaria a personas transgénero en España plantea retos
específicos de acceso, calidad y adecuación. Se realiza una revisión narrativa de la literatura, con el objetivo de identificar las barreras asistenciales que afrontan, sus necesidades y qué buenas prácticas se sugieren para mejorar la atención de enfermería.
Metodología: Búsqueda bibliográfica en bases de datos científicas de los últimos cinco años, aplicando términos MeSH y criterios definidos de inclusión y exclusión. Se presentan los resultados y se analiza la evidencia mediante artículos clave orientados la práctica enfermera analizados con JBI.
Resultados: Se seleccionan ocho artículos con una elevada calidad y diversidad
metodológica, que arrojan datos significativos sobre barreras, necesidades y buenas prácticas e impacto en la calidad percibida.
Discusión: Las personas transgénero presentan peores resultados en salud que los individuos cisgénero, se enfrentan a importantes barreras de acceso y requieren una atención que reconozca su identidad de género y que ofrezca cuidados afirmativos. Se sugieren buenas prácticas como la formación específica del personal sanitario, protocolos inclusivos y entornos libres de discriminación. Asimismo, se evidencia la importancia del papel de enfermería en la mejora de la calidad percibida.
Conclusiones: Las actitudes del personal sanitario afectan significativamente en la relación con los servicios de salud y en la dignidad de las personas transgénero. Se subraya la necesidad de formación y de cambios estructurales y organizativos, y el rol de las enfermeras como facilitadoras e impulsoras del cambio. Además, se justifica la necesidad de sensibilización y de nuevas líneas de investigación en España.
Introduction: Healthcare for transgender people in Spain poses specific challenges in terms of access, quality, and adequacy. A narrative review of the literature is conducted with the aim of identifying the healthcare barriers they face, their needs, and what good practices are suggested to improve nursing care. Methods: Bibliographic search in scientific databases covering the last five years, applying MeSH terms and defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results are presented and the evidence is analyzed using key articles focused on nursing practice analyzed with JBI. Results: Eight articles of high quality and methodological diversity are selected, providing significant data on barriers, needs, best practices, and impact on perceived quality. Discussion: Transgender people have worse health outcomes than cisgender individuals, face significant barriers to access, and require care that recognizes their gender identity and offers affirmative care. Good practices such as specific training for healthcare personnel, inclusive protocols, and discrimination-free environments are suggested. Likewise, the importance of the role of nursing in improving perceived quality is evident. Conclusions: The attitudes of healthcare personnel significantly affect transgender people's relationship with health services and their dignity. The need for training and structural and organizational changes is emphasized, as is the role of nurses as facilitators and drivers of change. Furthermore, the need for awareness-raising and new lines of research in Spain is justified.
Introduction: Healthcare for transgender people in Spain poses specific challenges in terms of access, quality, and adequacy. A narrative review of the literature is conducted with the aim of identifying the healthcare barriers they face, their needs, and what good practices are suggested to improve nursing care. Methods: Bibliographic search in scientific databases covering the last five years, applying MeSH terms and defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results are presented and the evidence is analyzed using key articles focused on nursing practice analyzed with JBI. Results: Eight articles of high quality and methodological diversity are selected, providing significant data on barriers, needs, best practices, and impact on perceived quality. Discussion: Transgender people have worse health outcomes than cisgender individuals, face significant barriers to access, and require care that recognizes their gender identity and offers affirmative care. Good practices such as specific training for healthcare personnel, inclusive protocols, and discrimination-free environments are suggested. Likewise, the importance of the role of nursing in improving perceived quality is evident. Conclusions: The attitudes of healthcare personnel significantly affect transgender people's relationship with health services and their dignity. The need for training and structural and organizational changes is emphasized, as is the role of nurses as facilitators and drivers of change. Furthermore, the need for awareness-raising and new lines of research in Spain is justified.








