La Unión de Naciones Suramericanas y la Alianza Bolivariana para los Pueblos de Nuestra América: ¿otra década perdida?
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2017
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Universidad Militar Nueva Granada
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Abstract
El propósito del siguiente trabajo es reflexionar respecto del alcance y sentido de las últimas dos décadas transcurridas en la integración regional latinoamericana a nivel intergubernamental. Además, se abordan dos esquemas propios del regionalismo posliberal, como son ALBA y Unasur. Dos esquemas que aunque responden a formas diferentes de entender la región, una desde Venezuela, la otra desde Brasil, hasta el momento, no ofrecen grandes resultados, lo cual dista de consolidar, en sentido estricto, un escenario regional post-hegemónico. Si a ello se unen factores inalterados, propios de la región, como la polaridad ideológica o el nacionalismo westfaliano, y factores coyunturales como la crisis política y económica actual de Brasil o Venezuela, o la emergencia de iniciativas de nuevo regionalismo como la Alianza del Pacífico, es posible entender el momento de incertidumbre que ha acompañado al regionalismo latinoamericano en las últimas dos décadas.
The purpose of this paper aims to reflect on the scope and meaning of the last two decades of Latin American regional integration. Specially, two schemes of post-liberal regionalism are studied, as ALBA and Unasur. These two schemes respond to two different ways of understanding the region, one from Venezuela, the other from Brazil. However, up to now, they do not offer great results or consolidate, strictly speaking, a post- hegemonic regional scenario. Anyway, we cannot forget other factors in understanding the uncertainty that characterizes the Latin American regionalism: factors such as ideological polarity and Westphalian nationalism, and other economic factors such as the current political and economic crisis in Brazil or Venezuela, or the emergence of new regionalism initiatives such as the Pacific Alliance.
The purpose of this paper aims to reflect on the scope and meaning of the last two decades of Latin American regional integration. Specially, two schemes of post-liberal regionalism are studied, as ALBA and Unasur. These two schemes respond to two different ways of understanding the region, one from Venezuela, the other from Brazil. However, up to now, they do not offer great results or consolidate, strictly speaking, a post- hegemonic regional scenario. Anyway, we cannot forget other factors in understanding the uncertainty that characterizes the Latin American regionalism: factors such as ideological polarity and Westphalian nationalism, and other economic factors such as the current political and economic crisis in Brazil or Venezuela, or the emergence of new regionalism initiatives such as the Pacific Alliance.