Boosting the tunable microwave scattering signature of sensing array platforms consisting of amorphous ferromagnetic Fe_2.25Co_72.75Si_10B_15 microwires and its amplification by intercalating cu microwires

Abstract

The following work addresses new configurations of sensing array platforms that are composed of Co-based amorphous ferromagnetic microwires (MWs) to obtain an enhanced modulation of the microwave scattering effects through the application of low strength DC or AC magnetic fields. An amorphous MW is an ultrasoft ferromagnetic material (coercivity similar to 0.2 Oe) with a circumferential magnetic anisotropy that provides a high surface sensitivity when it is subjected to an external magnetic field. Firstly, microwave scattering experiments are performed as a function of the length and number of MWs placed parallel to each other forming an array. Subsequently, three array configurations are designed, achieving high S_21 scattering coefficients up to about -50 dB. The influence of DC and AC magnetic fields on S_21 has been analyzed in frequency and time domains representation, respectively. In addition, the MWs sensing array has been overlapped by polymeric surfaces and the variations of their micrometric thicknesses also cause strong changes in the S_21 amplitude with displacements in the frequency that are associated to the maximum scattering behavior. Finally, a new concept for amplifying microwave scattering is provided by intercalating Cu MWs into the linear Co-based arrays. The designed mixed system that is composed by Co-based and Cu MWs exhibits a higher S_21 coefficient when compared to a single Co-based MW system because of higher electrical conductivity of Cu. However, the ability to modulate the resulting electromagnetic scattering is conferred by the giant magneto-impedance (GMI) effects coming from properties of the ultrasoft amorphous MWs. The mixed array platform covers a wide range of sensor applications, demonstrating the feasibility of tuning the S_21 amplitude over a wide scattering range by applying AC or DC magnetic fields and tuning the resonant frequency position according to the polymeric slab thickness.