Open University Data en España: de los portales de transparencia a los catálogos de datos abiertos
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2015
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
En el año 2013 se aprobó en España la Ley de Transparencia, acceso a la información pública y buen gobierno que insta, entre otras, a las instituciones universitarias a facilitar la consulta a su información con el fin de aprovechar todo el potencial de estos recursos de cara a su reutilización. Existe, por otra parte, una nueva filosofía o modelo de gobierno que defiende la apertura de los datos y de los documentos que obran en poder de las administraciones como una nueva forma de relación entre las instituciones y los ciudadanos que afecta también al mundo universitario. Dichas relaciones se basan en tres pilares fundamentales: transparencia en la gestión y en el acceso a la información y en la participación y la colaboración entre los gestores académicos, la comunidad universitaria y la ciudadanía en general.
La universidad española obligada, por un lado por la normativa vigente y por otro, como institución pública generadora y poseedora de recursos e información de calidad y sufragada además con fondos públicos, está llevando a cabo un proceso de transformación y de adaptación del modelo open government data al contexto académico que podríamos denominar open university data.
Este nuevo modelo de universidad abierta conlleva un proceso de apertura y transparencia académica regulado mediante la adopción de políticas institucionales que favorezcan la liberación de la información y de los datos académicos. Y es que la universidad española es consciente del potencial de la información y de los recursos que posee y de cómo estos pueden generar riqueza, crecimiento económico y empleo a través de su reutilización.
Aunque existen, desde hace ya más de una década, iniciativas que permiten el acceso a la información científica (open access) a través principalmente de los repositorios documentales que las universidades han ido poniendo en marcha, es en estos momentos cuando se están proponiendo iniciativas que regulan el acceso, en primer lugar, a los resultados surgidos de las investigaciones científicas llevadas a cabo gracias a la financiación pública y, en segundo lugar, a los datos académicos fruto de la actividad institucional, docente y administrativa que se ejerce en la universidad.
El propósito de este trabajo es el de ofrecer por primera vez una panorámica sobre la tendencia seguida en las universidades públicas españolas en materia de acceso a su información y, en concreto, en el ámbito de la transparencia y apertura de sus datos. Además, se pretende proporcionar por vez primera un censo con los portales universitarios de transparencia y de datos abiertos y analizar la información difundida a través de ellos prestando especial atención a las diferencias y similitudes que éstos presentan. Además, se estudiarán aspectos tales como el tipo de contenidos académicos que son difundidos y liberados por las instituciones académicas (económicos, estadísticos, jurídicos, etc.), cuál es su procedencia, cómo se encuentran descritos, si existen modelos que permitan su clasificación y organización, si se permite su recuperación en formatos reutilizables o no, etc., En definitiva, se estudiarán todos aquellos aspectos que nos permitan determinar la naturaleza y la calidad de los recursos y de los datos universitarios abiertos.
Para la elaboración del estudio se realizará, en primer lugar, una revisión bibliográfica que consistirá en la consulta tanto de los documentos normativos existentes a nivel nacional y europeo y que afectan a las instituciones universitarias españolas así como las políticas y acuerdos adoptados por éstas a este respecto. En segundo lugar, y mediante la observación de los distintos elementos que conforman dichos portales de transparencia y de datos abiertos, se realizará un análisis de tipo descriptivo-comparativo de la información y de los recursos ofrecidos por las distintas instituciones académicas objeto de estudio. La muestra la conformarán los portales de transparencia y los portales de datos abiertos desarrollados por las universidades públicas españolas.
Los resultados alcanzados nos permitirán extraer conclusiones contrastadas sobre la aplicación que cada universidad está realizando de la actual normativa en materia de transparencia y acceso a la información, qué universidades cuentan con algún tipo de herramienta que facilite el acceso a su recursos académicos, si trata de un portal de transparencia o en un portal de datos abiertos y cómo es la calidad de los datos académicos universitarios liberados, entre otros.
In the year 2013 was approved in Spain the Act on transparency, access to public information and good governance among others, urges universities to facilitate the consultation of your information in order to take advantage of the full potential of these resources in order to reuse. Exists, by another party, a new philosophy or model of Government that advocates opening data and documents that are in possession of the administrations as a new form of relationship between the institutions and citizens which also affects the University world. These relationships are based on three fundamental pillars: transparency in the management and access to information and participation and collaboration among academic administrators, the University community and the general public. Spanish universities must, on the one hand by the regulations in force and on the other, generating public institution and holder of resources and quality information and also funded with public funds, is undergoing a process of transformation and adaptation of the open model government data to the academic context which might be called open university data. This new model of Open University involves a process of openness and academic transparency by institutional policies that favour the release of information and academic data. And it is that the Spanish University is aware of the potential of information and the resources you have and how these can generate wealth, economic growth and employment through reuse. There, for more than one decade, initiatives that allow access to (open access) scientific information through that universities have been implementing, mainly documentaries repositories is in these moments when you are launching initiatives that govern access, first of all, the results arising from scientific investigations carried out with public funding and , secondly, to academic data resulting from the institutional, educational and administrative activity which is exerted at the University. The purpose of this work is the first offer a panoramic view on the trend followed in the Spanish public universities in terms of access to your information and, in particular, in the area of transparency and openness of its data. In addition, provide is intended to for the first time a census with University portals of transparency and open data and analyze the information transmitted through them paying particular attention to the differences and similarities that these present. In addition, will study aspects such as the type of academic content that are distributed and released by academic institutions (economic, statistical, legal, etc.), what is its origin, how are described, if there are models that allow classification and organization, allowing your recovery in reusable formats or not, etc., in short, will be studied all the aspects that allow us to determine the nature and quality of resources and Open University data. For the preparation of the study will be handled first, a literature review which consist of consultation both of existing normative documents at national and European level and affecting the Spanish universities as well as the policies and agreements adopted by them in this regard. In second place, and through observation of the various elements that make up these portals open data and transparency, there will be a descriptive-comparative analysis of the information and resources offered by academic institutions under study. Form the sample transparency portals and portals open data set up by the Spanish public universities. The results achieved will allow us to draw conclusions contrasted on the application that each University is conducting the current rules on transparency and access to information, which universities have some sort of tool that facilitates access to its academic resources, if he is a transparency portal or in a portal of open data and how is the quality of the University academic data released, among others.
In the year 2013 was approved in Spain the Act on transparency, access to public information and good governance among others, urges universities to facilitate the consultation of your information in order to take advantage of the full potential of these resources in order to reuse. Exists, by another party, a new philosophy or model of Government that advocates opening data and documents that are in possession of the administrations as a new form of relationship between the institutions and citizens which also affects the University world. These relationships are based on three fundamental pillars: transparency in the management and access to information and participation and collaboration among academic administrators, the University community and the general public. Spanish universities must, on the one hand by the regulations in force and on the other, generating public institution and holder of resources and quality information and also funded with public funds, is undergoing a process of transformation and adaptation of the open model government data to the academic context which might be called open university data. This new model of Open University involves a process of openness and academic transparency by institutional policies that favour the release of information and academic data. And it is that the Spanish University is aware of the potential of information and the resources you have and how these can generate wealth, economic growth and employment through reuse. There, for more than one decade, initiatives that allow access to (open access) scientific information through that universities have been implementing, mainly documentaries repositories is in these moments when you are launching initiatives that govern access, first of all, the results arising from scientific investigations carried out with public funding and , secondly, to academic data resulting from the institutional, educational and administrative activity which is exerted at the University. The purpose of this work is the first offer a panoramic view on the trend followed in the Spanish public universities in terms of access to your information and, in particular, in the area of transparency and openness of its data. In addition, provide is intended to for the first time a census with University portals of transparency and open data and analyze the information transmitted through them paying particular attention to the differences and similarities that these present. In addition, will study aspects such as the type of academic content that are distributed and released by academic institutions (economic, statistical, legal, etc.), what is its origin, how are described, if there are models that allow classification and organization, allowing your recovery in reusable formats or not, etc., in short, will be studied all the aspects that allow us to determine the nature and quality of resources and Open University data. For the preparation of the study will be handled first, a literature review which consist of consultation both of existing normative documents at national and European level and affecting the Spanish universities as well as the policies and agreements adopted by them in this regard. In second place, and through observation of the various elements that make up these portals open data and transparency, there will be a descriptive-comparative analysis of the information and resources offered by academic institutions under study. Form the sample transparency portals and portals open data set up by the Spanish public universities. The results achieved will allow us to draw conclusions contrasted on the application that each University is conducting the current rules on transparency and access to information, which universities have some sort of tool that facilitates access to its academic resources, if he is a transparency portal or in a portal of open data and how is the quality of the University academic data released, among others.