Factores de virulencia de Helicobacter pylori involucrados en su persistencia, colonización y patogenicidad
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2017
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Abstract
Los pasos críticos para que Helicobacter pylori pueda colonizar las células epiteliales gástricas y dé lugar a la enfermedad -gastritis, úlcera péptica o cáncer- son cuatro; dichos pasos son posibles gracias a sus factores de virulencia: la ureasa, que permite su supervivencia en el ambiente ácido del estómago, los flagelos con los que la bacteria se mueve a través del moco, las proteínas de membrana externa que interactúan con receptores de la superficie de las células del hospedador, el sistema de secreción tipo IV (T4SS) que va a permitir la translocación de la principal toxina de esta bacteria, CagA, que junto con VacA son las dos proteínas secretadas en mayor cantidad por H.pylori, siendo CagA, en mayor medida, responsable del daño que pueden provocar en el hospedador. CagA es la principal toxina de esta bacteria y va a interferir en diversas cascadas de señales intracelulares, llegando a provocar la aparición de cáncer. Además, existen dos isoformas de la misma, Western CagA y East Asian CagA, siendo esta última más virulenta.
Four steps are critical for Helicobacter pylori to colonize gastric epithelial cells and development of the disease pathogenesis, like gastritis and peptic ulcer or cancer. These steps are possible thanks its virulence factors: urease, allows survival in the acidic environment of the stomach; flagella which bacteria can move with them through mucus; outer membrane proteins interacting with host cell surface receptors; type IV secretion system (T4SS), structure for the translocation of the main toxin, CagA. CagA and VacA are the majority proteins secreted by H.pylori being CagA, to a greater extent, responsible of the damage they can cause in the host. CagA is the main toxin of this bacterium and will interfere in various cascades of intracellular signals, leading to the onset of cancer. In addition, there are two isoforms, Western CagA and East Asian CagA, the latter being more virulent.
Four steps are critical for Helicobacter pylori to colonize gastric epithelial cells and development of the disease pathogenesis, like gastritis and peptic ulcer or cancer. These steps are possible thanks its virulence factors: urease, allows survival in the acidic environment of the stomach; flagella which bacteria can move with them through mucus; outer membrane proteins interacting with host cell surface receptors; type IV secretion system (T4SS), structure for the translocation of the main toxin, CagA. CagA and VacA are the majority proteins secreted by H.pylori being CagA, to a greater extent, responsible of the damage they can cause in the host. CagA is the main toxin of this bacterium and will interfere in various cascades of intracellular signals, leading to the onset of cancer. In addition, there are two isoforms, Western CagA and East Asian CagA, the latter being more virulent.