Factores predictivos de toxicidad urinaria y rectal tras radioterapia externa conformada en el cáncer de próstata : correlación de parámetros clínicos, tumorales y dosimétricos con radioterapia radical y postoperatoria
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2024
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14/07/2023
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Objetivo: Determinar la toxicidad rectal y urinaria, aguda y crónica, tras radioterapia externa conformada, valorando los resultados de pacientes sometidos a tratamiento radical o postoperatorio para el cáncer de próstata y, su correlación con potenciales factores predictivos de riesgo: clínicos, tumorales y dosimétricos.-Método: 333 pacientes con cáncer de próstata tratados con EBRT entre 2007-2010, 285 con RT exclusiva con intención radical y 48 tras cirugía (39 como rescate; 9, adyuvante). Se registraron variables clínicas, tumorales, terapéuticas y dosimétricas para correlacionar con estratos de toxicidad según escalas RTOG. Se elaboraron árboles de decisión en función de la significación estadística y puntos de corte para las variables dosimétricas continuas.-Resultados: Con una mediana de seguimiento de 65 meses, la toxicidad aguda severa, tanto urinaria como rectal, fue del 5,4% y del 1,5%, y la toxicidad crónica fue del 4,5% y del 2,7%, respectivamente. 27 (8%) pacientes presentaron hematuria y 9 (2,7%), rectitis hemorrágica grave. 29 pacientes (9%) requirieron medidas no-farmacológicas (argón, hiperbaria). 25 pacientes (7,5%) presentaron secuelas que empeoraron su calidad de vida (estenosis uretral, cistostomía). No se observaron diferencias significativas de toxicidad urinaria entre RT radical exclusiva o postoperatoria. Los pacientes con síntomas urinarios previos a la RT, presentaron peor tolerancia. Los pacientes con dosis media en el recto> 45 Gy, que además realizaban tratamiento anticoagulante o con antiagregantes, desarrollaron durante la irradiación un 63% de toxicidad rectal leve (≤2) frente al 37% de los pacientes con dosis media rectal < 45 Gy y sin tratamiento anticoagulante. Las secuelas son más frecuentes en los pacientes con cirugías urológicas previas que además siguen tratamiento con anticoagulantes. El estudio multivariante mediante árboles de decisión ha permitido identificar estos factores predictivos de forma sencilla e innovadora. -Conclusiones: La tolerancia a EBRT es buena y la toxicidad severa escasa. La sintomatología urinaria basal es el factor que más influye en la toxicidad urinaria. Los anticoagulantes incrementan la severidad de la toxicidad. No existen diferencias significativas en la toxicidad grave entre RT radical y RT postoperatoria. Los árboles de decisión resultan una herramienta extrapolable y útil para la práctica clínica diaria.
-Objective: To determinate the incidence and severity of rectal and bladder toxicity (acute and late) following external beam radiotherapy and their correlation with clinical, tumoral and dosimetric risk factors for prostate cancer patients.-Methods: 333 patients were treated for prostate cancer between 2007-2010; 285 with radical exclusive intention and 48, after prostatectomy (39 salvage; 9 adjuvant). Clinical, tumoral, therapeutic and dosimetric parameters were collected. Toxicity was scored using the RTOG grading system. Decision trees were constructed by selecting toxicity predictors according to their statistical significance. For quantitative dosimetric variables, we define the optimal cutoff that maximizes the association with the toxicity.-Results: Median follow-up was 65 months. Severe acute urinary and rectal toxicities were 5,4% and 1,5% and severe late urinary and rectal toxicities were 4,5% and 2,7%, respectively. 27 patients (8%) had hematuria and 9 (2,7%), severe rectal bleeding. 29 patients (9%) required non-pharmacological treatments (argon, hyperbaria). Only 25 patients (7,5%) had sequels that worsened their quality of life (cystostomy, urethral stenosis, etc). No significant differences were observed between radical exclusive or postoperative RT. Patients with urinary tract symptoms before EBRT had worse tolerance. Patients with a mean rectal dose > 45 Gy, who also underwent anticoagulant or anti-platelet treatment, reported during the irradiation 63% of toxicity ≤2 compared to 37% of patients with dose <45 Gy and no anticoagulant treatment. Long-term sequels due to irradiation are higher in patients with urological surgeries prior to RT, who are also being treated with anticoagulants drugs. The multivariate study using decision trees has made it possible to identify this predictive factors in an innovative and simple way.-Conclusions: Tolerance to EBRT is good and the severe toxicity is limited. Baseline urinary function is the predictive factor that most influences in acute toxicity. Anticoagulants increase the severity of toxicity. There are not significant differences in severe toxicity in patients with radical RT versus postoperative RT. Decision trees are an extrapolative and useful tool for daily clinical practice.
-Objective: To determinate the incidence and severity of rectal and bladder toxicity (acute and late) following external beam radiotherapy and their correlation with clinical, tumoral and dosimetric risk factors for prostate cancer patients.-Methods: 333 patients were treated for prostate cancer between 2007-2010; 285 with radical exclusive intention and 48, after prostatectomy (39 salvage; 9 adjuvant). Clinical, tumoral, therapeutic and dosimetric parameters were collected. Toxicity was scored using the RTOG grading system. Decision trees were constructed by selecting toxicity predictors according to their statistical significance. For quantitative dosimetric variables, we define the optimal cutoff that maximizes the association with the toxicity.-Results: Median follow-up was 65 months. Severe acute urinary and rectal toxicities were 5,4% and 1,5% and severe late urinary and rectal toxicities were 4,5% and 2,7%, respectively. 27 patients (8%) had hematuria and 9 (2,7%), severe rectal bleeding. 29 patients (9%) required non-pharmacological treatments (argon, hyperbaria). Only 25 patients (7,5%) had sequels that worsened their quality of life (cystostomy, urethral stenosis, etc). No significant differences were observed between radical exclusive or postoperative RT. Patients with urinary tract symptoms before EBRT had worse tolerance. Patients with a mean rectal dose > 45 Gy, who also underwent anticoagulant or anti-platelet treatment, reported during the irradiation 63% of toxicity ≤2 compared to 37% of patients with dose <45 Gy and no anticoagulant treatment. Long-term sequels due to irradiation are higher in patients with urological surgeries prior to RT, who are also being treated with anticoagulants drugs. The multivariate study using decision trees has made it possible to identify this predictive factors in an innovative and simple way.-Conclusions: Tolerance to EBRT is good and the severe toxicity is limited. Baseline urinary function is the predictive factor that most influences in acute toxicity. Anticoagulants increase the severity of toxicity. There are not significant differences in severe toxicity in patients with radical RT versus postoperative RT. Decision trees are an extrapolative and useful tool for daily clinical practice.
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, leída el 14-07-2023