Marcadores neurofisiológicos y conductuales tempranos de vulnerabilidad al inicio en el consumo de alcohol en adolescentes

Abstract

El consumo intensivo de alcohol, o Binge Drinking (BD), es un patrón de consumo cada vez más extendido entre la población adolescente. Este tipo de consumo está caracterizado por la ingesta de grandes cantidades de alcohol en cortos periodos de tiempo, conduciendo al sistema a estados de intoxicación etílica. Este patrón de consumo es particularmente nocivo para el cerebro adolescente, al darse en un periodo de intensos cambios neuromadurativos. Esta serie de cambios traen consigo el desarrollo de las capacidades autorregulación (AR) cognitiva, emocional y conductual necesarias para la adaptación al nuevo rol y entorno social. En este contexto, se ha demostrado que el consumo de alcohol BD ocasiona diversas alteraciones cerebrales con consecuencias neuropsicológicas, anatómicas y funcionales..

Binge Drinking (BD) is an increasingly widespread drinking pattern among adolescents. This type of consumption is characterized by the ingestion of large amounts of alcohol in short periods of time, leading the organism to states of ethyl intoxication. This pattern of consumption is particularly harmful to the adolescent’s brain because they are in a period of intense neuromaturative changes. These brain’s developmental changes entail the development of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral self-regulatory (SR) capacities necessary for adaptation to the social environment. In this context, it has been shown that alcohol consumption in BD causes various brain alterations with neuropsychological, anatomical, and functional consequences. However, nowadays remains obscure the possible involvement of predisposing factors that make certain adolescents more vulnerable to initiating risk behaviors, such as BD use. Within this framework, some longitudinal researches have proposed that certain dysfunctions in executive self-regulatory mechanisms could be a potential vulnerability factor for the initiation of consumption...