Carcinomatosis mucinosa peritoneal de origen apendicular: indicadores biológicos de agresividad
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2025
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24/09/2024
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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El pseudomixoma peritoneal (PMP) es un síndrome clínico raro caracterizado por la acumulación gradual de mucina en toda la cavidad peritoneal de acuerdo con el fenómeno de redistribución. Actualmente, se reconoce que el origen más frecuente del PMP es una neoplasia mucinosa perforada del apéndice. Debido a su curso clínico indolente, tradicionalmente se diagnosticaba por el descubrimiento incidental de una "jelly belly" durante una laparotomía; esto representa una etapa avanzada de la enfermedad.Varias características hacen que el PMP sea una patología única. En primer lugar, la falta de células neoplásicas infiltrativas e invasivas es una de las principales características que inicialmente sorprendería y confundiría a los patólogos, lo que lleva a la gran cantidad de terminología confusa que rodea a esta entidad patológica. De hecho, no se reconoció como una entidad maligna hasta hace poco tiempo. Sin embargo, se sabía que si no se trataba, la enfermedad sería finalmente fatal debido a la acumulación de tumor mucinoso con la ocupación total de la cavidad peritoneal que producía distensión abdominal, obstrucción intestinal, desnutrición y caquexia. En segundo lugar, existía gran variación en cuanto a los resultados oncológicos de estos pacientes. Una vez que la cirugía citorreductora y la quimioterapia intraperitoneal hipertérmica (CRS+HIPEC) se establecieron como el tratamiento de referencia para estos pacientes, los médicos tratantes observaron que, a pesar del tratamiento óptimo, algunos pacientes tenían excelentes resultados a largo plazo, mientras que otros mostraban un pronóstico sombrío...
Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare clinical syndrome characterized by gradual mucin accumulation throughout the peritoneal cavity according to the redistribution phenomenon. Presently, the most frequent origin of PMP is acknowledged to be a perforated mucinous neoplasm of the appendix. Due to its indolent clinical course, it was traditionally diagnosed by the incidental discovery of a "jelly belly" during a laparotomy which already represents an advanced stage of the disease.Several features make PMP an unique pathology. Firstly, the lack of infiltrative and invasive neoplastic cells is one the main characteristics which would initially surprise and confuse pathologists leading to the vast amount of confusing terminology surrounding this pathological entity. As a matter of fact, it was not recognized to be a malignant entity until recently. However, it was known that if left untreated, the disease would ultimately be fatal due to the accumulation of mucinous tumor total occupation of the peritoneal cavity which led to abdominal distension, intestinal obstruction, malnutrition and cachexia. Secondly, there was a wide range in terms of outcomes of these patients. Once cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS+HIPEC) was established to be the gold standard treatment for these patients, treating physicians observed that, despite optimal treatment, some patients had excellent long term results, while others showed dismal prognosis...
Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare clinical syndrome characterized by gradual mucin accumulation throughout the peritoneal cavity according to the redistribution phenomenon. Presently, the most frequent origin of PMP is acknowledged to be a perforated mucinous neoplasm of the appendix. Due to its indolent clinical course, it was traditionally diagnosed by the incidental discovery of a "jelly belly" during a laparotomy which already represents an advanced stage of the disease.Several features make PMP an unique pathology. Firstly, the lack of infiltrative and invasive neoplastic cells is one the main characteristics which would initially surprise and confuse pathologists leading to the vast amount of confusing terminology surrounding this pathological entity. As a matter of fact, it was not recognized to be a malignant entity until recently. However, it was known that if left untreated, the disease would ultimately be fatal due to the accumulation of mucinous tumor total occupation of the peritoneal cavity which led to abdominal distension, intestinal obstruction, malnutrition and cachexia. Secondly, there was a wide range in terms of outcomes of these patients. Once cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS+HIPEC) was established to be the gold standard treatment for these patients, treating physicians observed that, despite optimal treatment, some patients had excellent long term results, while others showed dismal prognosis...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, leída el 24/09/2024