Efectos estructurales y control láser de dinámicas moleculares ultrarrápidas
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2017
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22/01/2016
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La ruptura y formación de enlaces químicos y el flujo de energía en moléculas constituyen el acto químico por excelencia. La observación en el laboratorio de los átomos en la molécula al vibrar, rotar y reaccionar químicamente permitió a finales de la década de los 1980, mediante el uso de pulsos láser de femtosegundos, medir la duración de una reacción y observar las efímeras especies químicas en tránsito desde los reactivos a los productos, dando lugar a la aparición de un nuevo campo de investigación en la Química denominado Femtoquímica [41], [45]. En esta Tesis Doctoral se han utilizado las técnicas experimentales de haces moleculares y cartografía de velocidades con imágenes de iones y fotoelectrones combinada con pulsos láser de femtosegundos. Con estas técnicas se ha abordado el estudio de la fotodisociación de varios sistemas moleculares (la familia de yoduros de alquilo, CH3I, C2H5I, n-C3H7I, n-C4H9I, i-C3H7I y t-C4H9I) y el estudio de fenómenos que surgen por la presencia de campos láser intensos, como son la explosión coulombiana en la molécula de yoduro de metilo (CH3I) y el control por efecto Stark dinámico de la reacción de predisociación electrónica del CH3I en su segunda banda de absorción, o banda B...
Breaking and forming of chemical bonds and energy flow in molecules are at the very heart of Chemistry. The experimental observation of chemical transformation in real time is the focus of Femtochemistry, which utilizes ultrashort laser pulses to diagnose the time evolution of a chemical reaction [41], [45]. The research activity proposed in the present Thesis is focused on the dynamics of molecular photodissociation. We have carried out femtosecond pump-probe experiments in combination with the velocity map imaging (VMI) technique using resonant multiphoton ionization (REMPI) of the product fragments, including the use of photoelectron spectroscopy. In these experiments, we have been able to obtain a deep insight into the energetics and dynamics of fragmentation, including bond strengths, the distribution of available energy between translational and internal modes of the products, and the identities of the electronic states through which the dissociation proceeds. Moreover, the dynamical studies extend to the field of control of molecular processes and to the strong fieldmatter interaction, including Coulomb explosion phenomena in molecules...
Breaking and forming of chemical bonds and energy flow in molecules are at the very heart of Chemistry. The experimental observation of chemical transformation in real time is the focus of Femtochemistry, which utilizes ultrashort laser pulses to diagnose the time evolution of a chemical reaction [41], [45]. The research activity proposed in the present Thesis is focused on the dynamics of molecular photodissociation. We have carried out femtosecond pump-probe experiments in combination with the velocity map imaging (VMI) technique using resonant multiphoton ionization (REMPI) of the product fragments, including the use of photoelectron spectroscopy. In these experiments, we have been able to obtain a deep insight into the energetics and dynamics of fragmentation, including bond strengths, the distribution of available energy between translational and internal modes of the products, and the identities of the electronic states through which the dissociation proceeds. Moreover, the dynamical studies extend to the field of control of molecular processes and to the strong fieldmatter interaction, including Coulomb explosion phenomena in molecules...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Física I, leída el 22-01-2016