Historia de los desastres en Japón : resiliencia, género y memoria, con comentarios para América Latina
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2023
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15/06/2023
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Un triple desastre asoló en 2011 la costa noreste de Japón. No era la primera vez que la región de Tohoku, históricamente golpeada por terremotos y tsunamis, respondía a la emergencia. Mientras la comunidad internacional atendía al incierto desenlace de la central nuclear, el archipiélago ponía en marcha mecanismos de gestión con múltiples actores involucrados en cada fase para rescatar y asistir a la población, minimizar el impacto, enfrentarse a los daños y poco después reconstruir. Esta investigación indaga en el sistema japonés de gestión de desastres, configurado y actualizado a lo largo de la historia al compás de los múltiples eventos registrados en el territorio —terremotos, tsunamis, erupciones volcánicas, tifones o fuertes lluvias— para determinar qué elementos y acciones conforman la resiliencia del país y el papel que desempeñan los ciudadanos en este proceso, en especial las mujeres. A través del desastre examinamos la respuesta nacional, regional y local de las comunidades japonesas damnificadas y analizamos el rol de las mujeres en la prevención, respuesta, evacuación y reconstrucción. Argumentamos que la resiliencia japonesa es participativa y, en contra de lo que suele afirmarse, las mujeres son agentes activos de resiliencia cuyo liderazgo queda invisibilizado. De enfoque interdisciplinar, esta investigación se basa en trabajo de campo en veinte comunidades de Tohoku reconstruidas. Combina fuentes documentales de archivo, oficiales y privadas con fuentes orales, a partir de entrevistas a testimonios, supervivientes y líderes involucrados en la gestión del desastre...
A triple disaster hit the northeast coast of Japan in 2011. It was not the first time that the Tohoku region, historically damaged by earthquakes and tsunamis, responded to the emergency. While the international community attended to the uncertain outcome of the nuclear power plant, the archipelago put in place management mechanisms through multiple actors involved in each phase to rescue and assist the population, minimize the impact, deal with the damage and rebuild shortly afterwards. This research looks into the disaster management system in Japan, configured and updated throughout the history of frequent and multiple events recorded in the territory —earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, typhoons or heavy rains— to determine the elements and actions that shape the country's resilience and the role that citizens play in this process, especially women.The study examines the national, regional and local response of Japanese affected communities through the history of disasters and analyzes the role of women in prevention, response, evacuation and reconstruction. I argue that Japanese resilience is participatory and, contrary to what is usually claimed, women are active agents of resilience whose leadership remains invisible. Using an interdisciplinary approach, the research heavily relies on fieldwork in twenty communities reconstructed in Tohoku. It combines official records, archives and private documents with oral sources, based on interviews with testimonies, survivors and leaders involved in disaster management...
A triple disaster hit the northeast coast of Japan in 2011. It was not the first time that the Tohoku region, historically damaged by earthquakes and tsunamis, responded to the emergency. While the international community attended to the uncertain outcome of the nuclear power plant, the archipelago put in place management mechanisms through multiple actors involved in each phase to rescue and assist the population, minimize the impact, deal with the damage and rebuild shortly afterwards. This research looks into the disaster management system in Japan, configured and updated throughout the history of frequent and multiple events recorded in the territory —earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, typhoons or heavy rains— to determine the elements and actions that shape the country's resilience and the role that citizens play in this process, especially women.The study examines the national, regional and local response of Japanese affected communities through the history of disasters and analyzes the role of women in prevention, response, evacuation and reconstruction. I argue that Japanese resilience is participatory and, contrary to what is usually claimed, women are active agents of resilience whose leadership remains invisible. Using an interdisciplinary approach, the research heavily relies on fieldwork in twenty communities reconstructed in Tohoku. It combines official records, archives and private documents with oral sources, based on interviews with testimonies, survivors and leaders involved in disaster management...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, leída el 15-06-2023