La trayectoria de una reforma educativa global: el caso de la nueva gestión pública en el sistema educativo catalán
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Publication date
2015
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Centro de Estudos Educação e Sociedade
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Verger, A., Curran, M., Parcerisa, L. (2015). The trajectory of a global education reform: The case of new public management in the catalan education system. Educacao e Sociedade 36(132), 675 - 697. DOI: 10.1590/ES0101-73302015152619
Abstract
La Nueva gestión pública (NGP) es un programa de reforma del sector público que ha inspirado numerosos procesos de reforma educativa a nivel internacional. En el campo de la educación, la NGP ha cristalizado en políticas como la autonomía de centro, la profesionalización de las direcciones escolares, la evaluación estandarizada y los sistemas de rendición de cuentas de los docentes. En este artículo se analiza cómo y por qué la NGP ha sido adoptada y re-contextualizada en un escenario educativo del sur de Europa, como es Cataluña. Este artículo muestra que las razones por las que se ha adoptado la NGP en Cataluña no son tan diferentes de las existentes en otros países en los que estas políticas se han aplicado con anterioridad. Contra-intuitivamente, aunque la NGP es un programa de reforma del sector público históricamente vinculado a fuerzas conservadoras, en Cataluña, como ocurrió previamente en otros países del Centro y del Norte de Europa, la NGP ha sido aprobada y regulada con un gobierno de corte socialdemócrata. En todos estos lugares, los socialdemócratas han tendido a aproximarse a los postulados de la NGP como un intento de hacer frente a la crisis de legitimidad del Estado de bienestar y de los servicios públicos en particular. Sin embargo, la reforma educativa de NGP se ha promulgado y regulado de forma irregular en Cataluña. Razones de naturaleza política, institucional y económica, junto a las múltiples representaciones y reinterpretaciones que los policy-makers locales hacen de las políticas de NGP, explican por qué estas políticas han seguido una trayectoria que se podría calificar de errática y a momentos paradójica en el contexto analizado. A nivel empírico, el estudio se basa en, por un lado, entrevistas con responsables políticos y actores clave del sistema educativo catalán y, por el otro, análisis de informes oficiales, comunicados de prensa y marco normativo. El estudio de caso ha sido estructurado siguiendo el método del process- tracing, el cual nos ha guiado en la sistematización de la información recogida en la observación empírica y nos ha permitido vincular los sucesos clave del proceso político con su consiguiente impacto en el sistema educativo.
New public management (NPM) is a public sector reform programme that has inspired numerous education reform processes internationally. In the education sector, NPM has crystallized in policies such as school autonomy, professionalization of school principals, standardized evaluation and teachers’ accountability. This article analyses the way NPM has been adopted and re-contextualized in a Southern European context such as Catalonia. This article shows that the reasons for embracing NPM there are not so different from those prevailing in other countries where these policies have been implemented before. Counter-intuitively, although NPM is a reform programme historically initiated by conservative forces, in Catalonia, as previously happened in other Central and Northern European countries, NPM has been adopted and regulated within social democratic governments. In all these places, social democrats have tended to embrace NPM as an attempt to address the legitimacy crisis of the welfare state and of public services in particular. Nonetheless, the NPM reforms have been enacted and regulated unevenly in Catalonia. A combination of political, institutional and economic reasons, together with the multiple representations and re-interpretations of NPM policies by local education stakeholders, explain why these policies have followed an uneven and at points paradoxical trajectory in the analyzed context. Our arguments are based on intensive fieldwork that include, on the one hand, interviews with key education policy-makers and stakeholders and, on the other, document analysis of policy briefings, press releases and legal documents. The process-tracing method has guided us in the systematization of the data obtained through empirical observation, and has enabled us to link the key events in the policy process with the resulting impact it has had on the education system.
New public management (NPM) is a public sector reform programme that has inspired numerous education reform processes internationally. In the education sector, NPM has crystallized in policies such as school autonomy, professionalization of school principals, standardized evaluation and teachers’ accountability. This article analyses the way NPM has been adopted and re-contextualized in a Southern European context such as Catalonia. This article shows that the reasons for embracing NPM there are not so different from those prevailing in other countries where these policies have been implemented before. Counter-intuitively, although NPM is a reform programme historically initiated by conservative forces, in Catalonia, as previously happened in other Central and Northern European countries, NPM has been adopted and regulated within social democratic governments. In all these places, social democrats have tended to embrace NPM as an attempt to address the legitimacy crisis of the welfare state and of public services in particular. Nonetheless, the NPM reforms have been enacted and regulated unevenly in Catalonia. A combination of political, institutional and economic reasons, together with the multiple representations and re-interpretations of NPM policies by local education stakeholders, explain why these policies have followed an uneven and at points paradoxical trajectory in the analyzed context. Our arguments are based on intensive fieldwork that include, on the one hand, interviews with key education policy-makers and stakeholders and, on the other, document analysis of policy briefings, press releases and legal documents. The process-tracing method has guided us in the systematization of the data obtained through empirical observation, and has enabled us to link the key events in the policy process with the resulting impact it has had on the education system.
Description
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