Implicaciones ecológicas de la infección por parásitos sanguíneos en aves : dieta, fisiología y comportamiento
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2024
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23/04/2024
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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El estudio de parásitos en animales silvestres es esencial para desentrañar las relaciones parásito-hospedador y para determinar posibles reservorios de zoonosis. Las prevalencias de infección dependen de la exposición a los parásitos y de la competencia hospedadora, que difieren entre individuos y especies. La exposición a parásitos está determinada por la abundancia y diversidad de parásitos, la tasa de encuentro entre parásitos y hospedadores competentes, y el tiempo de exposición a parásitos. La competencia hospedadora depende de los mecanismos para lidiar contra infecciones, como las estrategias de resistencia y tolerancia de cada hospedador. Los parásitos hemosporidios son parásitos sanguíneos del filo Apicomplexa que infectan a una gran variedad de hospedadores vertebrados, incluyendo aves, que son infectadas mayoritariamente por parásitos de los géneros Plasmodium, Haemoproteus y Leucocytozoon. Estas infecciones tienen costes que afectan al éxito reproductivo, el desempeño o la supervivencia de las aves. Dado que los parásitos hemosporidios de las aves se transmiten a través de dípteros, las diferentes preferencias de alimentación de cada vector son clave para comprender la exposición a parásitos. Las probabilidades de picaduras por vectores pueden depender de la detectabilidad de cada pájaro (señales deCO2, tamaño corporal) o rasgos tales como la cantidad de superficie corporal expuesta...
The study of parasites in wild animals is essential to disentangle the host-parasite relationships in nature, and to examine future zoonotic reservoirs. Prevalence of infectiondepends on exposure to parasites and host competence, which differ between individuals and species. The exposure to parasites is determined by the abundance and diversity of parasites, the encounter rate between parasites and competent hosts, and the time of exposure to parasites. Host competence depends on coping mechanisms, such as the strategies of resistance and tolerance of each host. Haemosporidian parasites are blood parasites from the phylum Apicomplexa that infect a high variety of vertebrate hosts, including birds, which are mostly infected with parasites from the genera Plasmodium, Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon. These infections have costs that could affect the reproductive success, performance or survival of birds. Since haemosporidian parasites are transmitted by dipteran vectors, one important key to understand the exposure to parasites is the differential biting preference of each vector. Biting probabilities of vectors could depend on the detectability of each bird (CO2 cues, body size) or traits such as the amount of exposed surface of their body...
The study of parasites in wild animals is essential to disentangle the host-parasite relationships in nature, and to examine future zoonotic reservoirs. Prevalence of infectiondepends on exposure to parasites and host competence, which differ between individuals and species. The exposure to parasites is determined by the abundance and diversity of parasites, the encounter rate between parasites and competent hosts, and the time of exposure to parasites. Host competence depends on coping mechanisms, such as the strategies of resistance and tolerance of each host. Haemosporidian parasites are blood parasites from the phylum Apicomplexa that infect a high variety of vertebrate hosts, including birds, which are mostly infected with parasites from the genera Plasmodium, Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon. These infections have costs that could affect the reproductive success, performance or survival of birds. Since haemosporidian parasites are transmitted by dipteran vectors, one important key to understand the exposure to parasites is the differential biting preference of each vector. Biting probabilities of vectors could depend on the detectability of each bird (CO2 cues, body size) or traits such as the amount of exposed surface of their body...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, leída el 23-04-2024