Estado nutricional, estilo de vida y resistencia a la insulina en escolares españoles
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2023
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06/03/2023
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La resistencia a la insulina (RI) es una manifestación común de la obesidad. Inicialmente, las células beta pancreáticas pueden compensar la RI al aumentar la secreción de insulina en la patogenia de la intolerancia a la glucosa. La hiperinsulinemia compensatoria induce un aumento del apetito y, en consecuencia, de peso. Después de que disminuye la función de las células beta del páncreas, se produce una secreción insuficiente de insulina, lo que lleva a una transición de RI a intolerancia a la glucosa, seguida de diabetes tipo 2.Es fundamental la prevención de enfermedades y la promoción de hábitos de vida saludables desde etapas tempranas de la vida. La etapa escolar es por lo tanto un periodo de gran interés de estudio. Es prioritario identificar en estas etapas tempranas de la vida los factores que se asocian a una menor incidencia enfermedades en la etapa adulta, y sobre los que se puedan desarrollar intervenciones eficaces que mejoren la salud futura. En relación a la RI, se han propuesto diferentes factores de riesgo, algunos de ellos modificables, como son la inflamación, el estilo de vida, la dieta, y la composición corporal. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los estudios que han analizado la asociación entre RI y estos factores se han realizado en población adulta, y en ocasiones los resultados no son concluyentes o resultan contradictorios...
Insulin resistance (IR) is a common manifestation of obesity. Initially, pancreatic beta cells may compensate for IR by increasing insulin secretion in the pathogenesis of glucose intolerance. Compensatory hyperinsulinemia induces increased appetite and consequently weight gain. Following decreased pancreatic beta-cell function, insufficient insulin secretion occurs, leading to a transition fromIR to glucose intolerance, followed by type 2 diabetes. Disease prevention and the promotion of healthy lifestyles from the earliest years of life are essential. For this reason, school age is a period of great interest for their study. It is a priority to identify in these early stages of life the factors associated with a lower incidence of disease in adulthood, and on which effective interventions can be developed to improve future health. Several risk factors have been proposed for IR, some of them modifiable, such as inflammation, lifestyle, diet, and body composition. However, most studies that have analyzed the association between IR and these factors have focused on the adult population, and the results are sometimes inconclusive or contradictory. Therefore, it is a priority to further study the association between dietary and lifestyle factors and the risk of IR in the school population, in order to design effective interventions to improve health now and in the future...
Insulin resistance (IR) is a common manifestation of obesity. Initially, pancreatic beta cells may compensate for IR by increasing insulin secretion in the pathogenesis of glucose intolerance. Compensatory hyperinsulinemia induces increased appetite and consequently weight gain. Following decreased pancreatic beta-cell function, insufficient insulin secretion occurs, leading to a transition fromIR to glucose intolerance, followed by type 2 diabetes. Disease prevention and the promotion of healthy lifestyles from the earliest years of life are essential. For this reason, school age is a period of great interest for their study. It is a priority to identify in these early stages of life the factors associated with a lower incidence of disease in adulthood, and on which effective interventions can be developed to improve future health. Several risk factors have been proposed for IR, some of them modifiable, such as inflammation, lifestyle, diet, and body composition. However, most studies that have analyzed the association between IR and these factors have focused on the adult population, and the results are sometimes inconclusive or contradictory. Therefore, it is a priority to further study the association between dietary and lifestyle factors and the risk of IR in the school population, in order to design effective interventions to improve health now and in the future...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Farmacia, leída el 06-03-2023. Tesis formato europeo (compendio de artículos)