Animal metaphors and university rape culture : a look at violence against women on campuses in Canada, Spain, Australia, Mexico, and the USA
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2025
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Universidad de Alicante
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Lopez-Rodriguez, I. (2025). Las metáforas animales y la cultura de la violación en la universidad: Una mirada a la violencia sobre las mujeres en los campus de Canadá, España, Australia, México y Estados Unidos. Feminismo/s, (46), 348–386. https://doi.org/10.14198/fem.2025.46.14
Abstract
Este trabajo estudia las metáforas de animales que forman parte de casos reales de la cultura de la violación en universidades de países anglófonos e hispanófonos. Con este fin, se analizan las metáforas de animales que vertebran varios episodios de violencia sobre las mujeres perpetrados en los campus de Canadá, España, Australia, México y Estados Unidos en las últimas décadas (2000-2024). Se analiza un total de 6 casos. Además de reflejar el (ab)uso de las metáforas animales en el sistema educativo universitario, esta selección se ha hecho teniendo en cuenta los diferentes contextos y medios donde se hallan las metáforas animales dentro del panorama universitario. Algunas metáforas animales aparecen en nombres de fiestas que describen a las estudiantes como «zorras». Otras se hallan en grupos de WhatsApp donde los estudiantes se autoidentifican con animales depredadores para planear una violación grupal. La fauna figurada también forma parte de revistas universitarias y correos electrónicos que representan a las estudiantes como presas que han de ser cazadas. Incluso pintadas en los baños universitarios retratan a las estudiantes como cerdas. Adoptando el enfoque de la Teoría de la Metáfora Conceptual, que subraya el papel esencial que tiene la metáfora tanto en el conocimiento como en el comportamiento, así como el Análisis Crítico del Discurso, que señala la función que tiene la lengua en la (re)producción de ideologías, desigualdades sociales y relaciones de poder, este artículo muestra cómo los estudiantes universitarios recurren al escenario zoomórfico para promover y legitimar la violencia (sexual) sobre las mujeres. Los estudiantes describen a sus compañeras universitarias como «vacas», «focas», «cerdas», «conejas», «gatitas», «zorras» y «polluelos» para sexualizarlas y denigrarlas física, moral e intelectualmente. Además, ellos se identifican con animales depredadores y sementales—lobos, caballos, águilas y buitres—para comprender sus relaciones heterosexuales, explicar sus instintos sexuales y sus comportamientos violentos. Estas metáforas animales que están presentes en la vida universitaria forman parte de la cultura de la violación de las universidades tanto en países de habla inglesa como hispana.
This article focuses on animal metaphors in real cases of rape culture in universities in the Anglophone and Hispanophone worlds. To this aim, it analyzes the animal metaphors permeating several episodes of violence against female students perpetrated on campuses in Canada, Spain, Australia, Mexico, and the USA in the last decades (2000-2024). A total of 6 cases are studied. Apart from reflecting the (ab)use of animal metaphors in cases of rape culture in the higher educational system, this selection was made considering the different types of contexts and media where the metaphors are encountered within the university setting. Some of the animal metaphors are found in the names of parties that portray female students as «bitches». Others belong to WhatsApp groups where male students self-identify as predatory animals planning a gang rape. They are also part of dorm’s publications and emails that label female students as prey to be hunted. Even bathroom graffiti display metaphoric fauna that renders female students as pigs. Through the lens of Conceptual Metaphor Theory, which underscores the pivotal role played by metaphor in both cognition and action, and Critical Discourse Analysis, which highlights how language (re)produces ideologies, social inequalities and power relations, the paper shows how college students resort to the zoomorphic scenario to promote and legitimize (sexual) violence against women. Male students describe their female peers as «cows», «seals», «pigs», «bunnies», «kittens», «bitches», and «chicks» to sexualize and deride them physically, morally, and intellectually. They also cast themselves as predatory animals— «wolves», «studs», «eagles», and «hawks» —to make sense of heterosexual relationships, explain their sexual urges and violent behaviors. These animal metaphors that permeate students’ college life are ultimately part of university rape culture in the English and Spanish-speaking worlds.
This article focuses on animal metaphors in real cases of rape culture in universities in the Anglophone and Hispanophone worlds. To this aim, it analyzes the animal metaphors permeating several episodes of violence against female students perpetrated on campuses in Canada, Spain, Australia, Mexico, and the USA in the last decades (2000-2024). A total of 6 cases are studied. Apart from reflecting the (ab)use of animal metaphors in cases of rape culture in the higher educational system, this selection was made considering the different types of contexts and media where the metaphors are encountered within the university setting. Some of the animal metaphors are found in the names of parties that portray female students as «bitches». Others belong to WhatsApp groups where male students self-identify as predatory animals planning a gang rape. They are also part of dorm’s publications and emails that label female students as prey to be hunted. Even bathroom graffiti display metaphoric fauna that renders female students as pigs. Through the lens of Conceptual Metaphor Theory, which underscores the pivotal role played by metaphor in both cognition and action, and Critical Discourse Analysis, which highlights how language (re)produces ideologies, social inequalities and power relations, the paper shows how college students resort to the zoomorphic scenario to promote and legitimize (sexual) violence against women. Male students describe their female peers as «cows», «seals», «pigs», «bunnies», «kittens», «bitches», and «chicks» to sexualize and deride them physically, morally, and intellectually. They also cast themselves as predatory animals— «wolves», «studs», «eagles», and «hawks» —to make sense of heterosexual relationships, explain their sexual urges and violent behaviors. These animal metaphors that permeate students’ college life are ultimately part of university rape culture in the English and Spanish-speaking worlds.