Mecanismos de iniciación y progresión tumoral en sarcomas óseos
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2021
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23/11/2020
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Los sarcomas de hueso (SH) representan un grupo heterogéneo de enfermedades con diferente patología y malignidad. Históricamente, los SH han sido clasificados según el tejido o célula que asemejan; sin embargo todos ellos se originan en tejidos conectivos donde las MSCs juegan un papel fundamental. Las MSCs han sido propuestas como células iniciadoras de distintos sarcomas murinos y células con características similares han sido identificadas también en los cánceres humanos. Las CSCs han sido identificadas como las responsables de la heterogeneidad fenotípica y funcional típicas de los tumores. Sin embargo, el modelo de CSCs no es el único propuesto por explicar las dinámicas de crecimiento tumoral y la generación de la heterogeneidad tumoral. Los datos genómicos sugieren que existen distintos modelos de crecimiento tumoral, hecho que está relacionado con el pronóstico de los pacientes, con la progresión tumoral y con la respuesta a la terapia. Sin embargo, en este marco evolutivo las variaciones genéticas y fenotípicas no son los únicos factores que determinan el crecimiento tumoral. De hecho, las interacciones con el microambiente y en especial con el sistema inmune juegan un papel fundamental en la oncogénesis. Aunque se han descrito distintas estrategias de escape inmunológico, la caracterización del microambiente inmunitario no es completa...
Bone sarcomas (BS) comprise a heterogeneous group of diseases, including neoplasms with different pathological appearance and malignancy. BS have been historically classified according to the cell or tissue type which they most resemble, nevertheless they all originate in connective tissues where mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a fundamental role. MSCs have been proposed as tumor initiating cells of different types of murine sarcomas, and cells with a stem-like status have been detected in human cancers. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) and the existence of tumor hierarchies have been suggested as mechanisms to explain tumor phenotypic and functional heterogeneity. However, CSCs model is not the only hypothesis to explain both the dynamics of cancer growth and heterogeneity generation in tumors. Genomic data suggest different models of cancer development, which are also related to patients’prognosis, tumor progression and therapeutic response. Not withstanding the former, in this evolutiveframe genetic and phenotypic variations are not the only factors determining cancer development. Indeed, microenvironmental interactions, with special mention to host immune system, play a fundamental role in oncogenesis. Different strategies of immune escape have been described, however, tumor-immune- microenvironment interplay have not been fully delineated...
Bone sarcomas (BS) comprise a heterogeneous group of diseases, including neoplasms with different pathological appearance and malignancy. BS have been historically classified according to the cell or tissue type which they most resemble, nevertheless they all originate in connective tissues where mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a fundamental role. MSCs have been proposed as tumor initiating cells of different types of murine sarcomas, and cells with a stem-like status have been detected in human cancers. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) and the existence of tumor hierarchies have been suggested as mechanisms to explain tumor phenotypic and functional heterogeneity. However, CSCs model is not the only hypothesis to explain both the dynamics of cancer growth and heterogeneity generation in tumors. Genomic data suggest different models of cancer development, which are also related to patients’prognosis, tumor progression and therapeutic response. Not withstanding the former, in this evolutiveframe genetic and phenotypic variations are not the only factors determining cancer development. Indeed, microenvironmental interactions, with special mention to host immune system, play a fundamental role in oncogenesis. Different strategies of immune escape have been described, however, tumor-immune- microenvironment interplay have not been fully delineated...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, leída el 23-11-2020.