Parámetros moleculares de competencia ovocitaria en las células del cúmulo humanas y bovinas
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2025
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21/12/2023
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La generación de embriones in vitro a partir de ovocitos permite aplicaciones muy relevantes en ganadería y medicina humana. En el ganado vacuno, la aspiración ovárica permite aumentar la descendencia de hembras de alto mérito genético mediante la obtención de complejos cúmulo-ovocito que serán fecundados in vitro y transferidos a hembras receptoras. En humanos, donde el desarrollo folicular monoovulatorio es similar al bovino, la fecundación in vitro se emplea para tratar distintas causas de infertilidad femenina y masculina. En ambos casos, su limitación principal es la baja eficiencia en términos de desarrollo a blastocisto y éxito de gestación. La selección morfológica de embriones constituye la principal vía para la mejora de las tasas de gestación, pero distintos análisis moleculares podrían mejorar su valor predictivo. Los análisis moleculares de las células del cúmulo –íntimamente relacionadas con el ovocito- permiten obtener datos moleculares de forma no invasiva cuyos valores podrían estar correlacionados con la competencia del ovocito...
Artificial Reproductive Techniques based on in vitro embryo production from oocytes grant very relevant applications in farming and human medicine. In cattle, ovum pick-up is employed to increase greatly the offspring of high-genetic merit females by obtaining cumulus-oocyte complexes from these females that will be fertilized in vitro and transferred to recipient females of a lower genetic merit. In humans, which display a mono-ovulatory follicular development similar to that of cattle, in vitro fertilization is routinely employed in assisted reproduction clinics to treat several causes of female and male infertility. In both cases the low efficiency of the technique in terms of development to blastocysts and pregnancy success constitutes the main limitation. Embryo selection based on morphological criteria constitute the main way to improve pregnancy rates, but molecular analyses could improve the predictive value of morphological selection. In this context, molecular analyses in cumulus cells –which are intimately related with the oocyte- provide a non-invasive way to obtain molecular data whose values could be correlated with oocyte competence...
Artificial Reproductive Techniques based on in vitro embryo production from oocytes grant very relevant applications in farming and human medicine. In cattle, ovum pick-up is employed to increase greatly the offspring of high-genetic merit females by obtaining cumulus-oocyte complexes from these females that will be fertilized in vitro and transferred to recipient females of a lower genetic merit. In humans, which display a mono-ovulatory follicular development similar to that of cattle, in vitro fertilization is routinely employed in assisted reproduction clinics to treat several causes of female and male infertility. In both cases the low efficiency of the technique in terms of development to blastocysts and pregnancy success constitutes the main limitation. Embryo selection based on morphological criteria constitute the main way to improve pregnancy rates, but molecular analyses could improve the predictive value of morphological selection. In this context, molecular analyses in cumulus cells –which are intimately related with the oocyte- provide a non-invasive way to obtain molecular data whose values could be correlated with oocyte competence...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Veterinaria, leída el 21/12/2023