Detección de biotoxinas en moluscos de venta al consumidor en la Comunidad de Madrid
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2020
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Consejeria de sanidad - Comunidad de Madrid
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Díaz Alejo Guerrero, H. M., Martínez Esteban, R. P., Martínez Alesón García, P., García Balboa, C., Costas Costas, E., & López Rodas, V. (2020). Detección de biotoxinas en moluscos de venta al consumidor en la Comunidad de Madrid. Revista Madrileña de Salud Pública: REMASP, 3(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.36300/REMASP.2020.038
Abstract
La presencia de biotoxinas en los moluscos es largamente conocida y ampliamente vigilada. En España, las dos que más se han detectado en los últimos años han sido las saxitoxinas y el ácido okadaico (toxinas PSP y DSP, respectivamente). A efecto de evitar intoxicaciones agudas en la población, existen unos límites máximos de toxinas que pueden estar presentes en el alimento de venta al consumidor. Sin embargo, la presencia de toxina a concentraciones inferiores a la legalmente establecida puede producir intoxicaciones crónicas o efectos a largo plazo. El objetivo del estudio es detectar la presencia de toxinas que están llegando a consumo humano, estén o no dentro del límite de concentración permitido. Se realizó un muestreo en diferentes pescaderías de la Comunidad de Madrid, sin incluir la propia ciudad de Madrid, y se analizó la concentración de toxinas PSP y DSP presentes en 50 muestras de mejillones, almejas, berberechos, vieiras y zamburiñas. Los resultados indican que un 4% de las muestras de los moluscos adquiridos contenían saxitoxinas y en un 6% se detectó ácido okadaico, ya sea en forma de trazas o con una positividad confirmada en base al método analítico, si bien los datos obtenidos cumplen los límites máximos establecidos a nivel comunitario
The presence of biotoxins in shellfish is well known and widely monitored. In Spain, those two more detected in the last years have been saxitoxins and okadaic acid (PSP and DSP toxins, respectively). For the purpose of avoiding acute poisonings in the population, there are maximum toxin levels that might be present in the food for sale to the consumer. Nevertheless, the presence of toxins in lower concentrations than the legal limit may be able to cause chronic poisonings. The aim of the study is to detect the presence of toxins that are reaching consumers, whether it is within the legal limit or not. A sampling was carried in different fisheries in the Community of Madrid, without including the city of Madrid, analysing the concentration of PSP and DSP toxins present in 50 samples of mussels, clams, cockles, scallops and zamburiñas. The results obtained shows that around 4% of the samples of molluscs acquired contained saxitoxins and in the 6%, okadaic acid was detected. either in form of traces or a positive confirmed according to the analytic method. The obtained data are under the maximun legal EU requirements.
The presence of biotoxins in shellfish is well known and widely monitored. In Spain, those two more detected in the last years have been saxitoxins and okadaic acid (PSP and DSP toxins, respectively). For the purpose of avoiding acute poisonings in the population, there are maximum toxin levels that might be present in the food for sale to the consumer. Nevertheless, the presence of toxins in lower concentrations than the legal limit may be able to cause chronic poisonings. The aim of the study is to detect the presence of toxins that are reaching consumers, whether it is within the legal limit or not. A sampling was carried in different fisheries in the Community of Madrid, without including the city of Madrid, analysing the concentration of PSP and DSP toxins present in 50 samples of mussels, clams, cockles, scallops and zamburiñas. The results obtained shows that around 4% of the samples of molluscs acquired contained saxitoxins and in the 6%, okadaic acid was detected. either in form of traces or a positive confirmed according to the analytic method. The obtained data are under the maximun legal EU requirements.