Diagnóstico de enfermedad celíaca en dieta sin gluten : análisis de linfocitos recirculantes en sangre periférica tras provocación corta con gluten
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2025
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18/06/2024
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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La enfermedad celíaca (EC) es un trastorno sistémico mediado por el sistema inmunológico, causado por la ingesta de gluten que afecta a individuos genéticamente susceptibles. Se caracteriza por la presencia de enteropatía, anticuerpos específicos y genética HLA-DQ compatible con la enfermedad. Presenta una prevalencia de alrededor del 1% a nivel mundial. Sin embargo, se trata de una enfermedad claramente infradiagnosticada. El diagnóstico resulta sencillo en pacientes con sospecha por sintomatología, elevación de anticuerpos específicos en sangre y alteraciones histológicas que remiten con el establecimiento de una dieta sin gluten (DSG), actualmente, el único tratamiento disponible para la EC. Sin embargo, no todos los casos ofrecen evidencias tan claras y algunos suponen un verdadero reto diagnóstico para los profesionales, como aquellos que presentan lesiones de bajo grado o EC seronegativa. Existe también la problemática de los pacientes que, por moda o desconocimiento, retiran el gluten de su dieta sin haber sido diagnosticados. Esto imposibilita la realización de las pruebas diagnósticas actuales cuando acuden a consulta. El proceso diagnóstico de estos individuos se puede alargar considerablemente, requiriendo la realización de una prueba de provocación larga que muchos pacientes rechazan por miedo a la sintomatología clínica...
Celiac Disease (CD) is a systemic immune-mediated disorder caused by gluten ingestion that affects genetically susceptible individuals. It is characterized by the presence of enteropathy, specific antibodies, and HLA-DQ genetics compatible with the disease. It has a prevalence of around 1% worldwide. However, it is a clearly underdiagnosed disease.Diagnosis is straightforward in patients with suspicion due to symptoms, elevated specific antibodies in blood, and histological alterations that resolve with the establishment of a gluten-free diet (GFD), currently the only available treatment for CD. However, not all cases provide such clear evidence, and some represent a real diagnostic challenge for professionals, such as those with low-grade lesions or seronegative CD. There is also an issue with patients who, out of fashion or lack of awareness, remove gluten from their diet without having been diagnosed. This makes it impossible to perform current diagnostic tests when they come for medical consultation. The diagnostic process for these individuals can be considerably prolonged, requiring the performance of a long-term gluten challenge that many patients reject due to fear of clinical symptoms...
Celiac Disease (CD) is a systemic immune-mediated disorder caused by gluten ingestion that affects genetically susceptible individuals. It is characterized by the presence of enteropathy, specific antibodies, and HLA-DQ genetics compatible with the disease. It has a prevalence of around 1% worldwide. However, it is a clearly underdiagnosed disease.Diagnosis is straightforward in patients with suspicion due to symptoms, elevated specific antibodies in blood, and histological alterations that resolve with the establishment of a gluten-free diet (GFD), currently the only available treatment for CD. However, not all cases provide such clear evidence, and some represent a real diagnostic challenge for professionals, such as those with low-grade lesions or seronegative CD. There is also an issue with patients who, out of fashion or lack of awareness, remove gluten from their diet without having been diagnosed. This makes it impossible to perform current diagnostic tests when they come for medical consultation. The diagnostic process for these individuals can be considerably prolonged, requiring the performance of a long-term gluten challenge that many patients reject due to fear of clinical symptoms...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, leída el 18-06-2024