Education for environmental sustainability component: innovative strategies for experiential learning in natural contexts

Abstract

This article examines the role of biosphere reserves (BRs) in science education, with a particular focus on teaching for sustainable development. A case study conducted at the Complutense University of Madrid is presented, analyzing 36 of the 53 Spanish BRs to evaluate their conservation activities and educational uses. Using a pre-test–post-test experimental design and a specifically developed questionnaire, the impact of inquiry-based teaching was measured. The results reveal significant differences in students’ knowledge levels before and after the teaching, highlighting the effectiveness of informational and educational strategies in enhancing environmental awareness. The study underscores the relevance of BRs not only as conservation spaces but also as valuable educational resources for promoting environmental sustainability through education for sustainable development. It further emphasizes the importance of training future teachers in sustainable practices and employing teaching methodologies that integrate inquiry-based learning. Additionally, the role of BRs in advancing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) outlined in the 2030 Agenda is highlighted. The article concludes that BRs can serve as effective learning laboratories to foster greater environmental awareness and commitment to the environmental sustainability component among educators and their future students.