A new era of responsible trade? A critical perspective on environmental conservation, Human Rights, rule of law, and democracy affairs in EU-Africa agreements

Abstract

This research paper aims to critically assess the protection of the environment, the rule of law, human rights, and democracy within the trade agreements between African Union Member States and the European Union. Through this study, it is identified significant disparities in the treatment of these crucial issues across various agreements, despite their prominence in the Preamble. Some agreements lack specific provisions, even when designating these issues as 'essential elements' of the agreement. Furthermore, It's also essential to underscore the interconnectedness of these topics within the treaty content.