Desarrollo de un modelo general de competencias laborales basado en la evidencia
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2025
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30/10/2024
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Tras más de medio siglo del que puede considerarse el nacimiento del movimiento competencial en el ámbito laboral (McClelland, 1973), las competencias siguen siendo conceptos difusos, sin que exista en la actualidad una definición mayoritariamente aceptada por la comunidad científica. A pesar de ello, continúan atrayendo el suficiente interés en las organizaciones como para convertirse en un medio esencial sobre el que apoyar el desarrollo y la gestión del talento (Baczyńska et al., 2016; Lievens et al., 2010), un interés que se observa en la proliferación de taxonomías cuya finalidad es identificar las características relacionadas con el desempeño eficaz: son los denominados modelos de competencias (M. A. Campion et al., 2011).A pesar de su popularidad, los modelos de competencias no están exentos de críticas. En primer lugar, la ausencia de una definición clara dificulta su operativización y afecta a su credibilidad para los investigadores y las organizaciones (Markus et al., 2005). En segundo lugar, no existe un acuerdo unánime respecto a la metodología y los pasos a seguir para su desarrollo (Goldman y Scott, 2016),proceso que se conoce como modelado de competencias, una práctica que se ha visto que muestra un menor rigor metodológico en comparación con otros procedimientos como el análisis de puestos de trabajo (M. A. Campion et al., 2011; Sackett et al., 2013). En tercer lugar, presentan un respaldo empírico limitado, lo que redunda especialmente en la ausencia de evidencias de validez (Caldwell,2008; Chouhan y Srivastava, 2014; Coffey, 2010; Heinsman, 2008; Stevens, 2013)...
After more than half a century of what can be considered the birth of the competencymovement in the work context (McClelland, 1973), competencies are still unclear concepts, with no currently accepted definition by most of the scientific community. Despite this fact, competencies continue to attract enough interest in organizations to become an essential resource on which to support their talent development and management policies (Baczyńska et al., 2016; Lievens et al.,2010), an interest that has led to the proliferation of taxonomies whose main purpose is to identify the characteristics related to effective performance: they are the so-called competency models (M. A.Campion et al., 2011). Despite their popularity, competency models are not free from criticism. First, the lack of a clear definition makes their operationalization difficult and affects their credibility in the eyes of researchers and organizations (Markus et al., 2005). Second, there is no unanimous agreement regarding the methodology and steps to follow in their development (Goldman and Scott, 2016), a process known as competency modeling, a practice that has been regarded as less methodologically rigorous than other techniques such as job analysis (M. A. Campion et al., 2011; Sackett et al., 2013). Third, they tend to show limited empirical support, resulting especially in a lack of validity evidence (Caldwell, 2008; Chouhan and Srivastava, 2014; Coffey, 2010; Heinsman, 2008; Stevens, 2013)...
After more than half a century of what can be considered the birth of the competencymovement in the work context (McClelland, 1973), competencies are still unclear concepts, with no currently accepted definition by most of the scientific community. Despite this fact, competencies continue to attract enough interest in organizations to become an essential resource on which to support their talent development and management policies (Baczyńska et al., 2016; Lievens et al.,2010), an interest that has led to the proliferation of taxonomies whose main purpose is to identify the characteristics related to effective performance: they are the so-called competency models (M. A.Campion et al., 2011). Despite their popularity, competency models are not free from criticism. First, the lack of a clear definition makes their operationalization difficult and affects their credibility in the eyes of researchers and organizations (Markus et al., 2005). Second, there is no unanimous agreement regarding the methodology and steps to follow in their development (Goldman and Scott, 2016), a process known as competency modeling, a practice that has been regarded as less methodologically rigorous than other techniques such as job analysis (M. A. Campion et al., 2011; Sackett et al., 2013). Third, they tend to show limited empirical support, resulting especially in a lack of validity evidence (Caldwell, 2008; Chouhan and Srivastava, 2014; Coffey, 2010; Heinsman, 2008; Stevens, 2013)...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, leída el 30/10/2024