Mujer y propaganda en la iconografía soviética y falangista (1937-1956)
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2024
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16/06/2024
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Abstract
En la primera mitad del siglo pasado, Europa vivió una época de grandes cambios políticos y sociales debido al surgimiento y consolidación de regímenes totalitarios. Durante estos años, tanto la Unión Soviética como la España franquista, aunque con ideologías muy diferentes, utilizaron la propaganda de manera intensiva para fortalecer su poder y difundir sus ideas. En este contexto, la representación de la mujer en la propaganda de ambos regímenes fue crucial. En la Unión Soviética, se destacaba a la mujer trabajadora, igual en derechos y responsabilidades al hombre, y se enfatizaba su papel en la construcción del estado socialista. Por otro lado, en la propaganda franquista, se exaltaba a la mujer como madre y esposa, haciendo también apología de los roles tradicionales de género, haciendo énfasis en su papel en el hogar y en la crianza de los hijos. Este trabajo de investigación analiza cómo la propaganda iconográfica soviética y falangista retrató a las mujeres, explorando las similitudes y diferencias desde la perspectiva de la Teoría de la Propaganda.
In the first half of the last century, Europe experienced a time of great political and social changes due to the emergence and consolidation of totalitarian regimes. During these years, both the Soviet Union and Franco's Spain, although with very different ideologies, used propaganda intensively to strengthen their power and spread their ideas. In this context, the representation of women in the propaganda of both regimes was crucial. In the Soviet Union, working women were highlighted, equal in rights and responsibilities to men, and their role in the construction of the socialist state was emphasized. On the other hand, in Franco's propaganda, women were exalted as mothers and wives, also defending traditional gender roles, emphasizing their role in the home and raising children. This research paper analyzes how Soviet and Falangist iconographic propaganda portrayed women, exploring the similarities and differences from the perspective of Propaganda Theory. Through this analysis, we seek to better understand how these regimes used iconographic resources to impose their ideals regarding the roles of women in society.
In the first half of the last century, Europe experienced a time of great political and social changes due to the emergence and consolidation of totalitarian regimes. During these years, both the Soviet Union and Franco's Spain, although with very different ideologies, used propaganda intensively to strengthen their power and spread their ideas. In this context, the representation of women in the propaganda of both regimes was crucial. In the Soviet Union, working women were highlighted, equal in rights and responsibilities to men, and their role in the construction of the socialist state was emphasized. On the other hand, in Franco's propaganda, women were exalted as mothers and wives, also defending traditional gender roles, emphasizing their role in the home and raising children. This research paper analyzes how Soviet and Falangist iconographic propaganda portrayed women, exploring the similarities and differences from the perspective of Propaganda Theory. Through this analysis, we seek to better understand how these regimes used iconographic resources to impose their ideals regarding the roles of women in society.