Flavanoles de la dieta de alto peso molecular como agentes cardioprotectores en la diabetes tipo 2. Mecanismos moleculares, efectos pre-clínicos y clínicos
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2024
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11/07/2024
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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La diabetes tipo 2 (DT2, en inglés Type 2 Diabetes, T2D) es una enfermedad crónica metabólica caracterizada por defectos en la acción y/o secreción de la insulina, la principal hormona metabólica. Estas alteraciones son las responsables de causar una situación de glucolipotoxicidad (altos niveles de glucosa y lípidos en sangre), que afecta a diversas vías de señalización relacionadas con el estrés oxidativo y la inflamación, entre otros procesos, y que favorece la aparición de diversas complicaciones asociadas. Entre todas las complicaciones diabéticas, aquellas de índole cardiovascular, como la miocardiopatía diabética (MCD), destacan especialmente por ser una de las principales causas de mortalidad entre los pacientes diabéticos, ya que frecuentemente su desenlace es el fallo cardiaco. La DT2 se considera en la actualidad un problema de salud pública mundial, por lo que el estudio de nuevas estrategias que ayuden enfrentar esta enfermedad resulta cada vez más necesario. En este sentido, los polifenoles de la dieta, que incluyen un amplio grupo de compuestos presentes en alimentos de origen vegetal (como el cacao o la algarroba) pueden constituir una alternativa asequible y efectiva frente a la DT2. Existe una amplia diversidad de estos compuestos y los flavanoles de alto peso molecular son unos de los que más interés han suscitado por su ubicuidad en los alimentos, su variabilidad estructural y sus actividades biológicas...
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by defects in the action and/or secretion of insulin, the main metabolic hormone. These alterations are responsible for causing a situation known as glucolipotoxicity (high levels of glucose and lipids in the blood), which affects several signalling pathways related to oxidative stress and inflammation, among other processes, leading to the development of different associated complications. Among all diabetic complications, those of cardiovascular nature, such as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), stand out especially for being one of the main causes of mortality for diabetic patients, since frequently their outcome is the heart failure.DT2 is currently considered a worldwide public health issue; therefore, the study of new strategies to handle this disease are urgently needed. In this sense, dietary polyphenols, which include a wide group of compounds present in plant-based foods (such as cocoa or carob), may constitute an affordable and effective alternative against DT2. There is a wide diversity of these compounds, and high molecular weight flavanols are among the ones that have aroused the most interest due to their ubiquity in foods, structural variability and biological activities...
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by defects in the action and/or secretion of insulin, the main metabolic hormone. These alterations are responsible for causing a situation known as glucolipotoxicity (high levels of glucose and lipids in the blood), which affects several signalling pathways related to oxidative stress and inflammation, among other processes, leading to the development of different associated complications. Among all diabetic complications, those of cardiovascular nature, such as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), stand out especially for being one of the main causes of mortality for diabetic patients, since frequently their outcome is the heart failure.DT2 is currently considered a worldwide public health issue; therefore, the study of new strategies to handle this disease are urgently needed. In this sense, dietary polyphenols, which include a wide group of compounds present in plant-based foods (such as cocoa or carob), may constitute an affordable and effective alternative against DT2. There is a wide diversity of these compounds, and high molecular weight flavanols are among the ones that have aroused the most interest due to their ubiquity in foods, structural variability and biological activities...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, leída el 11-07-2024