Cristianismo social y doctrina social de la Iglesia Católica: derecho cooperativo, s. XIX-XX
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2025
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Ediciones Complutense
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Blasco Gil Y. . (2025). Cristianismo Social y Doctrina Social de la Iglesia Católica: Derecho Cooperativo, s. XIX-XX. REVESCO. Revista de Estudios Cooperativos, 151, e104786. https://doi.org/10.5209/reve.104786
Abstract
El cooperativismo surgió en Europa a finales del siglo XVIII como una respuesta colectiva de la clase obrera a los abusos del capitalismo industrial, consolidándose con hitos como la cooperativa de Rochdale (1844) y la fundación de la Alianza Cooperativa Internacional (ACI) en 1895. Este artículo examina el papel determinante -aunque poco explorado- del cristianismo social y la Iglesia católica en la difusión del modelo cooperativo y su institucionalización jurídica en países tan relevantes como Inglaterra y Alemania. Especial atención merece al caso español, donde la primera ley general de cooperativas no se promulgó hasta 1931, si bien desde el último tercio del siglo XIX el krausismo y el catolicismo social intentaron promover la legislación cooperativa. A través del análisis histórico, se destaca cómo corrientes cristianas -protestantes y católicas- impulsaron experiencias pioneras en Francia, Inglaterra y Alemania… Mientras que en España su influencia fue tardía, vinculada al catolicismo social y a figuras como el jesuita Antonio Vicent. Asimismo, se analiza el giro de la doctrina católica con las encíclicas Rerum Novarum (1891) y Quadragesimo Anno (1931), que legitimaron el asociacionismo obrero y criticaron el liberalismo económico, sentando bases morales para el Estado de bienestar. El estudio revela como el cristianismo social y la Iglesia católica fueron agentes muy influyentes en la expansión global del cooperativismo y su marco legal, combinando reformismo pragmático y principios éticos.
Cooperativism emerged in Europe in the late 18th century as a collective response by the working class to the abuses of industrial capitalism, gaining momentum with milestones such as the Rochdale Cooperative (1844) and the founding of the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA) in 1895. This article examines the decisive -though underexplored-role of social Christianity and the Catholic Church in spreading the cooperative model and its legal institutionalization in key countries like England and Germany.Special attention is given to the Spanish case, where the first general cooperative law was not enacted until 1931, despite efforts by Krausism and social Catholicism to promote cooperative legislation since the late 19th century. Through a historical analysis, the study highlights how Christian movements -both Protestant and Catholic-drove pioneering initiatives in France, England, and Germany, while their influence in Spain was delayed, linked to social Catholicism and figures such as the Jesuit Antonio Vicent. Additionally, it explores the shift in Catholic doctrine with the encyclicals Rerum Novarum(1891) and Quadragesimo Anno(1931), which legitimized workers' associations and critiqued economic liberalism, laying moral foundations for the welfare state. The study reveals how social Christianity and the Catholic Church were highly influential agents in the global expansion of cooperativism and its legal framework, combining pragmatic reformism with ethical principles
Cooperativism emerged in Europe in the late 18th century as a collective response by the working class to the abuses of industrial capitalism, gaining momentum with milestones such as the Rochdale Cooperative (1844) and the founding of the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA) in 1895. This article examines the decisive -though underexplored-role of social Christianity and the Catholic Church in spreading the cooperative model and its legal institutionalization in key countries like England and Germany.Special attention is given to the Spanish case, where the first general cooperative law was not enacted until 1931, despite efforts by Krausism and social Catholicism to promote cooperative legislation since the late 19th century. Through a historical analysis, the study highlights how Christian movements -both Protestant and Catholic-drove pioneering initiatives in France, England, and Germany, while their influence in Spain was delayed, linked to social Catholicism and figures such as the Jesuit Antonio Vicent. Additionally, it explores the shift in Catholic doctrine with the encyclicals Rerum Novarum(1891) and Quadragesimo Anno(1931), which legitimized workers' associations and critiqued economic liberalism, laying moral foundations for the welfare state. The study reveals how social Christianity and the Catholic Church were highly influential agents in the global expansion of cooperativism and its legal framework, combining pragmatic reformism with ethical principles







