Coherencia, óptica clásica y óptica cuántica
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2025
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Este trabajo, pretende poner en valor la coherencia dentro de la física y más concretamente dentro de la óptica. Para ello, emplearemos tanto la interferencia como la polarización, dos de los fenómenos más representativos y estudiados dentro de la coherencia. En el deseo por conseguir este objetivo, partiremos de la teoría clásica de ondas escalares, desde la que se inicia todo el desarrollo conceptual y matemático. Posteriormente ampliaremos nuestro conocimiento del comportamiento de la luz, al pasar al régimen vectorial, para después adentrarnos de lleno en la teoría cuántica gracias a la teoría de Glauber-Sudarshan. Finalmente profundizaremos en la teoría de la mecánica cuántica gracias a la analogía entre la función de coherencia mutua y la matriz densidad.
This work aims to highlight the importance of coherence within physics and, more specifically, within optics. To this end, we will employ both interference and polarization, two of the most representative and studied phenomena within coherence. In the desire to achieve this objective, we will start from the classical theory of scalar waves, from which all conceptual and mathematical development begins. Subsequently, we will broaden our knowledge of the behavior of light by moving to the vectorial regime, and then fully delve into quantum theory thanks to the Glauber-Sudarshan theory. Finally, we will deepen into the theory of quantum mechanics thanks to the analogy between the mutual coherence function and the density matrix.
This work aims to highlight the importance of coherence within physics and, more specifically, within optics. To this end, we will employ both interference and polarization, two of the most representative and studied phenomena within coherence. In the desire to achieve this objective, we will start from the classical theory of scalar waves, from which all conceptual and mathematical development begins. Subsequently, we will broaden our knowledge of the behavior of light by moving to the vectorial regime, and then fully delve into quantum theory thanks to the Glauber-Sudarshan theory. Finally, we will deepen into the theory of quantum mechanics thanks to the analogy between the mutual coherence function and the density matrix.












