Valoración estocástica y solvencia de un producto con garantía Cliquet
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2024
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Abstract
Dentro de los diferentes tipos de contratos de seguros que se comercializan, aquellos que ofrecen garantías de tipos de interés son muy comunes dentro de los productos de vida en la mayoría de mercados. Podemos diferenciar los productos que ofrecen un tipo de garantía simple, por la que se garantiza al asegurado un rendimiento mínimo fijo sobre el capital invertido sin bloquear ganancias, de los que ofrecen un tipo de garantía Cliquet. En este caso, también se asegura un rendimiento mínimo garantizado aunque además se bloquean las ganancias acumuladas de años anteriores.
En este trabajo pretendemos modelar la valoración, tanto financiera como actuarial, de un producto con garantía Cliquet, así como obtener la cobertura de capital requerido partiendo de la normativa de Solvencia II. Para el payoff financiero se ha usado el modelo de Black-Scholes para la simulación del fondo, y el modelo de Ho-Lee para proyectar el tipo de interés de forma estocástica. Para el payoff demográfico se ha utilizado el modelo de Lee-Carter para proyectar la mortalidad futura.
Among the different types of insurance contracts available in the market, those offering interest rate guarantees are very common in life insurance products across most markets. We can distinguish between products that offer a simple guaranteed rate, which guarantees the policyholder a fixed minimum return on the invested capital without locking in gains, and those that offer a Cliquet-type guarantee. In the latter case, a minimum guaranteed return is also provided, while additionally locking in gains accumulated from previous years. In this paper, we aim to model the valuation of a Cliquet-guaranteed product, both from a financial and actuarial perspective, as well as determine the required capital coverage according to Solvency II regulations. The Black-Scholes model is used for the financial payoff, the Ho-Lee model for simulating the fund, and the Lee-Carter model for projecting future mortality.
Among the different types of insurance contracts available in the market, those offering interest rate guarantees are very common in life insurance products across most markets. We can distinguish between products that offer a simple guaranteed rate, which guarantees the policyholder a fixed minimum return on the invested capital without locking in gains, and those that offer a Cliquet-type guarantee. In the latter case, a minimum guaranteed return is also provided, while additionally locking in gains accumulated from previous years. In this paper, we aim to model the valuation of a Cliquet-guaranteed product, both from a financial and actuarial perspective, as well as determine the required capital coverage according to Solvency II regulations. The Black-Scholes model is used for the financial payoff, the Ho-Lee model for simulating the fund, and the Lee-Carter model for projecting future mortality.