Abordaje múltiple de la presbicia : corección óptica e implicaciones moleculares
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2024
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23/03/2023
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La presbicia es una condición fisiológica que conlleva una pérdida progresiva de la capacidad de acomodación del ojo, dificultando las tareas próximas con el paso de los años. La corrección óptica multifocal, mediante lentes de contacto (LCs) y lentes intraoculares (LIOs) multifocales,es actualmente la opción más común para solventar los problemas visuales de la presbicia, demostrando altas tasas de independencia de gafas. En este contexto, la investigación en el ámbito de diseños para corregir la presbicia está en avance, con nuevos diseños para extender el rango de distancias en las que la visión sea nítida (extended depth-of-focus, EDOF).En cuanto a las LCs, los factores principales que afectan al éxito de la adaptación son la visión y la comodidad durante el porte, los cuales son calificados como igual de importantes por los usuarios. Además, la integridad de la superficie ocular debería tenerse en cuenta antes, durante y después del proceso de adaptación, al igual que la repetibilidad de los dispositivos utilizados para su evaluación. En cuanto a las LIOs para corregir la presbicia, su función visual y calidad óptica han sido ampliamente estudiadas. Sin embargo, ciertos factores, bien relativos al individuo (cirugías corneales previas) o al propio procedimiento quirúrgico (error refractivo residual, descentramiento de la LIO, rotación o inclinación) deben tenerse en cuenta a la hora de evaluarla calidad óptica, ya que podrían ser de gran ayuda en la práctica clínica para satisfacer las necesidades individuales de cada sujeto...
Presbyopia is a physiological condition leading to a progressive decline of the ability of the eye to focus, thus making close-up work worsen over time. Multifocal optical correction, either by multifocal contact lenses (CLs) or intraocular lenses (IOLs), is currently the most common option to provide good vision at various distances, showing high rates of spectacle independence.In this context, new designs are being developed aiming to extend the range of distances with satisfactory vision (extended depth of focus; EDOF). Regarding CLs, the main factors affecting fitting success are vision and comfort, which are rated by wearers as equally important. Moreover, ocular surface integrity should also be taken into account before, during and after CL fitting process, along with the repeatability of the devices used for its evaluation. Regarding presbyopia-correcting IOLs, their visual and optical performance has been widely assessed. However, several factors related to both the patient (previous surgeries) and the surgical procedure itself (residual refractive error, lens decentration, rotation and tilt) should be taken into consideration when evaluating IOL's optical quality, since they might be useful in clinical practice to meet the needs of each individual...
Presbyopia is a physiological condition leading to a progressive decline of the ability of the eye to focus, thus making close-up work worsen over time. Multifocal optical correction, either by multifocal contact lenses (CLs) or intraocular lenses (IOLs), is currently the most common option to provide good vision at various distances, showing high rates of spectacle independence.In this context, new designs are being developed aiming to extend the range of distances with satisfactory vision (extended depth of focus; EDOF). Regarding CLs, the main factors affecting fitting success are vision and comfort, which are rated by wearers as equally important. Moreover, ocular surface integrity should also be taken into account before, during and after CL fitting process, along with the repeatability of the devices used for its evaluation. Regarding presbyopia-correcting IOLs, their visual and optical performance has been widely assessed. However, several factors related to both the patient (previous surgeries) and the surgical procedure itself (residual refractive error, lens decentration, rotation and tilt) should be taken into consideration when evaluating IOL's optical quality, since they might be useful in clinical practice to meet the needs of each individual...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, leída el 23-03-2023