Desarrollo de un modelo bovino de infección experimental por "Besnoitia besnoiti"

Abstract

La besnoitiosis bovina, causada por el protozoo apicomplejo Besnoitia besnoiti, es una enfermedad crónica y debilitante del ganado vacuno caracterizada por signos clínicos locales y sistémicos. La European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) consideró a la besnoitiosis bovina como una enfermedad re-emergente en Europa debido a un notable aumento en el número de casos. Actualmente, el control de la enfermedad solo es posible mediante medidas de manejo asociadas a un diagnóstico temprano, ya que fármacos y/o vacunas no están disponibles en Europa.Se han testado in vitro diversos fármacos efectivos contra el estadio de taquizoíto responsable de la fase aguda de la enfermedad. Sin embargo, estos candidatos terapéuticos no han sido probados en un modelo animal de infección experimental ya que, por el momento, no está disponible. Se han infectado diversas especies de roedores de laboratorio con resultados inconclusos. Únicamente, los conejos han mostrado cierta susceptibilidad a la infección, manifestando signos clínicos de la fase aguda y de la fase crónica...

Bovine besnoitiosis, caused by the cyst forming apicomplexan parasite Besnoitia besnoiti, is a chronic and a debilitating cattle disease characterized by both local and systemic manifestations. It is considered re-emerging by the European Food Safety Authority due to an increase number of cases in Western and Central European countries. Currently, the control of this disease is only possible through management measures coupled to diagnosis since chemotherapeutics are not available and no vaccines are licensed in Europe.Several drugs have been tested in in vitro systems for their efficacy against B. besnoiti tachyzoites responsible for the acute stage. As a next step, these drugs should be tested in experimental animal models that are not available yet. Laboratory rodent species have been infected with B. besnoiti showing inconclusive results. Rabbits showed susceptibility to experimental infection by developing clinical signs compatible with acute and chronic phases of the disease. However, the establishment of B. besnoiti and its adaptation to a heterologous host is difficult...