Estudio, diagnóstico y propuesta de conservación y restauración de la escultura “San Cristóbal” de Gil de Ronza, de la iglesia de San Sebastián de los Caballeros, Toro (Zamora)
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2020
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08/10/2020
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La escultura de San Cristobal es una de las pocas piezas que se conservan del magnífico conjunto que decoraba la capilla funeraria del deán don Diego Vázquez de Cepeda, realizada por Gil de Ronza en el primer cuarto del siglo XVI y que se encontraba en el convento de San Francisco en la ciudad de Zamora. La obra de este autor procedente de Flandes se encuadra dentro del contexto cultural tardogótico, donde las influencias de la escultura germano-flamenca de su época empiezan a dar paso algunas características renacentistas. Tras el abandono del convento las obras que contenía se desperdigaron y, tras un penoso periplo, San Cristóbal ha terminado expuesta en la colección que alberga la iglesia de San Sebastián de los Caballeros en Toro (Zamora). Tallada en madera y policromada, esta escultura de gran formato representa al gigante y legendario santo que porta sobre sus hombros al Niño Jesús mientras vadea un río. En este trabajo se estudia la obra en su contexto histórico-artístico, se estudia su naturaleza material y técnica con ayuda de distintos estudios previos de carácter científico y se diagnostica su estado de conservación. El factor que más ha comprometido su conservación ha sido la acción del hombre, afectando gravemente la integridad de la escultura, fruto de su antigua función religiosa, de las distintas ubicaciones, del abandono en otras épocas en condiciones ambientales muy desfavorables y cuyo resultado han sido patologías severas, fundamentalmente de tipo estructural, pérdidas de policromía y de material escultórico y un grave ataque de xilófagos. Finalmente, se propone un tratamiento de conservación y de restauración atendiendo también a aspectos preventivos, ajustados a los criterios, normas y legislación actuales.
The sculpture of San Cristobal is one of the few pieces that remain from the magnificent set that decorated the funeral chapel of the dean Don Diego Vázquez de Cepeda, made by Gil de Ronza in the first quarter of the sixteenth century and originally located the convent of San Francisco in the city of Zamora. The work of this Flemish author is framed within the late Gothic cultural context, where the influences of German-Flemish sculpture of his time begin to give way to some Renaissance characteristics. After the abandonment of the convent, the works it contained were scattered and, after a painful journey, San Cristóbal has ended up on display in the collection housed in the church of San Sebastián de los Caballeros in Toro (Zamora). Carved in wood and polychromed, this large-format sculpture represents the giant and legendary saint who carries the Child Jesus on his shoulders while fording a river. In this work, the piece is studied in its historical-artistic context, its material and technical nature is studied with the help of different previous scientific studies and its state of conservation is diagnosed. The main factor that has most compromised its conservation has been the action of man, seriously affecting the integrity of the sculpture, the result of its ancient religious function, the different locations, the abandonment in other times in very unfavorable environmental conditions and whose result has been severe pathologies, mainly structural, loss of polychrome and sculptoric material and a serious attack of xylophages. Finally, a conservation and restoration treatment is proposed taking into account preventive aspects, in accordance with current criteria, standards and legislation.
The sculpture of San Cristobal is one of the few pieces that remain from the magnificent set that decorated the funeral chapel of the dean Don Diego Vázquez de Cepeda, made by Gil de Ronza in the first quarter of the sixteenth century and originally located the convent of San Francisco in the city of Zamora. The work of this Flemish author is framed within the late Gothic cultural context, where the influences of German-Flemish sculpture of his time begin to give way to some Renaissance characteristics. After the abandonment of the convent, the works it contained were scattered and, after a painful journey, San Cristóbal has ended up on display in the collection housed in the church of San Sebastián de los Caballeros in Toro (Zamora). Carved in wood and polychromed, this large-format sculpture represents the giant and legendary saint who carries the Child Jesus on his shoulders while fording a river. In this work, the piece is studied in its historical-artistic context, its material and technical nature is studied with the help of different previous scientific studies and its state of conservation is diagnosed. The main factor that has most compromised its conservation has been the action of man, seriously affecting the integrity of the sculpture, the result of its ancient religious function, the different locations, the abandonment in other times in very unfavorable environmental conditions and whose result has been severe pathologies, mainly structural, loss of polychrome and sculptoric material and a serious attack of xylophages. Finally, a conservation and restoration treatment is proposed taking into account preventive aspects, in accordance with current criteria, standards and legislation.












