Una teoría antirrealista de la identidad ontológica
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2026
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01/07/2025
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Esta tesis es una investigación sobre el concepto de identidad ontológica: la relación que guardan los objetos cuando decimos que, metafísicamente, son idénticos entre sí. Pretende dar respuesta a preguntas como: ¿qué cambios o transformaciones puede sufrir un objeto sin dejar de ser ontológicamente el mismo, o sea, sin perder su identidad? ¿Qué condiciones han de cumplirse para que podamos atribuir la relación de identidad entre dos entes? ¿Es la identidad de los objetos, y por tanto la distribución de hechos de identidad en una ontología, algo que se encuentre dado en la propia realidad al margen de nosotros y nuestras actividades, o somos nosotros quienes dividimos la realidad de ciertas maneras y no otras? ¿Existe una única ontología válida o puede haber múltiples interpretaciones ontológicas de la realidad igualmente aceptables? Para responderlas, abordaré la cuestión de la identidad desde distintos ángulos. Primero, el de la propia noción de identidad, de la cual ofreceré una teoría explorando sus principios lógicos y metafísicos. Después, el de los criterios de identidad, necesarios para determinar el rango modal o el rango de posibilidades metafísicas a las que pueden ser sujetos distintos tipos de entes sin perder su identidad. También el de la propia noción de esencia, que caracterizaré en términos de condiciones necesarias y suficientes para la identidad. Y, finalmente, el de los esquemas de identidad, que son las diversas formas en que se podrían poner en relación las distintas propiedades esenciales de los entes de cara a determinar su identidad...
This doctoral dissertation is a research project on the topic of ontological identity: the relation that holds between any two objects when we say that they are metaphysically identical to each other. It intends to provide answers to questions such as: What sort of changes can an object undergo before it stops being ontologically the same object; that is, before losing its identity? Which conditions have to hold for us to be able to attribute the identity relation between two entities? Is object identity, and so the distribution of identity facts within an ontology, something that is given in reality itself, independently from ourselves and our activities, or is it us who carve reality in certain ways? Is there only one valid ontology or can there be multiple, equally acceptable, ontological interpretations of reality?In order to answer them, I will examine the question of identity from different angles. First, that of the notion of identity itself, of which I will present a theory exploring its logical and metaphysical principles. Second, that of identity criteria, needed to determine the modal range, or the range of metaphysical possibilities, that can be attributed to entities without them losing their identity. Third, that of the concept of essence, that I will characterize in terms of necessary and sufficient conditions for identity. And lastly, that of identity schemes: the various ways in which the different essential properties of objects can be combined in order to determine their identity...
This doctoral dissertation is a research project on the topic of ontological identity: the relation that holds between any two objects when we say that they are metaphysically identical to each other. It intends to provide answers to questions such as: What sort of changes can an object undergo before it stops being ontologically the same object; that is, before losing its identity? Which conditions have to hold for us to be able to attribute the identity relation between two entities? Is object identity, and so the distribution of identity facts within an ontology, something that is given in reality itself, independently from ourselves and our activities, or is it us who carve reality in certain ways? Is there only one valid ontology or can there be multiple, equally acceptable, ontological interpretations of reality?In order to answer them, I will examine the question of identity from different angles. First, that of the notion of identity itself, of which I will present a theory exploring its logical and metaphysical principles. Second, that of identity criteria, needed to determine the modal range, or the range of metaphysical possibilities, that can be attributed to entities without them losing their identity. Third, that of the concept of essence, that I will characterize in terms of necessary and sufficient conditions for identity. And lastly, that of identity schemes: the various ways in which the different essential properties of objects can be combined in order to determine their identity...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Filosofía, leída el 01/07/2025











