Profilaxis pre-quirúrgicas en perras, mediante el uso de cefalotina y evaluación de su eficacia basándose en índices farmacocinéticos-farmacodinámicos
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2016
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24/11/2015
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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La cefalotina (CFL) es una cefalosporina indicada para la profilaxis prequirúrgica en caninos, principalmente en cirugías programadas, donde la asepsia puede realizarse de manera exhaustiva. Las recomendaciones clínicas actuales establecen que el antimicrobiano debería ser administrado entre 30 y 60 minutos antes de la incisión quirúrgica, con el fin de alcanzar concentraciones tisulares adecuadas. Además, en los procedimientos quirúrgicos que se extiendan más de dos semividas de eliminación del antimicrobiano, se debería administrar otra dosis para garantizar concentraciones bactericidas en los tejidos. El análisis farmacocinético/farmacodinámico (FC/FD) para betalactámicos, establece un indicador de eficacia t>CIM, entre el 50 y 80 % del intervalo de dosis, para lograr una adecuada eficacia antimicrobiana. No existen estudios farmacocinéticos de CFL en perros sometidos a cirugía que consideren por un lado el análisis FC/FD y por otro lado el hecho de que tanto la anestesia como el procedimiento quirúrgico podrían modificar la distribución y/o la eliminación del antimicrobiano. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la farmacocinética de la CFL en caninos sometidos a ovariohisterectomía (G2) y compararlo con un grupo control no sometido a ovariohisterectomía (G1); por otro lado determinar la CIM de este antimicrobiano frente a cepas autóctonas de Staphylococcus spp. a fin de establecer los parámetros de eficacia antimicrobiana t>CIM que permitan fundamentar pautas posológicas. Se dividió el trabajo en tres etapas. En la etapa I se estudió la farmacocinética de la CFL en perras tras administración intravenosa a dosis única de 25 mg/kg; en la misma se compararon los perfiles concentración – tiempo de CFL en G1 y G2. Las concentraciones del antimicrobiano se cuantificaron en muestras de suero y piel, y además para el G2 en tejido subcutáneo, músculo y peritoneo. En la etapa II se realizó el estudio farmacodinámico basado en los aislamientos dérmicos de Staphylococcus spp. procedentes de animales sanos y la determinación de su correspondiente CIM. Finalmente, en la etapa III se realizó el cálculo de los parámetros FC/FD para la CFL en suero y tejidos, junto a la propuesta posológica en pacientes sometidos a procedimientos quirúrgicos...
Cephalothin (CFL) is a cephalosporin indicated for preoperative prophylaxis in dogs, especially in elective surgery where asepsis can be done comprehensively. Current clinical recommendations state that the antimicrobial should be administered 30 to 60 minutes before the surgical incision, in order to achieve adequate tissue concentrations. Moreover, the surgical procedures more than two antimicrobial elimination half-lives are extended, another dose should be administered to guarantee bactericidal concentrations in tissues. The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/ PD) to beta-lactams, recommends efficacy parameter t>MIC, between 50 and 80% of the dosing interval to achieve adequate antimicrobial efficacy. No pharmacokinetic studies of CFL in dogs undergoing surgery consider analysis PK / PD and that both anesthesia and the surgical procedure may modify the distribution and / or elimination of the antimicrobial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of the CFL in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy (G2) and compared with a control group not subjected to ovariohysterectomy (G1); on the other hand determine the MIC of this antimicrobial against native strains of Staphylococcus spp. to establish antimicrobial efficacy parameters t>MIC to provide a basis regimens. Three experimental stages were used. In the first, CFL pharmacokinetics was studied in dogs following intravenous administration at single dose of 25 mg / kg; there the concentration-time CFL in G1 and G2 profiles were compared. Antimicrobial concentrations were measured in serum and skin, further for G2, in subcutis, muscle and peritoneum. The second stage was carried out based on a pharmacodynamic study dermal Staphylococcus spp. isolates from healthy animals and determination of their MIC. Finally, in the third stage calculating PK/PD parameters for serum and tissue CFL, with the dosage given in patients undergoing surgical procedures it was performed...
Cephalothin (CFL) is a cephalosporin indicated for preoperative prophylaxis in dogs, especially in elective surgery where asepsis can be done comprehensively. Current clinical recommendations state that the antimicrobial should be administered 30 to 60 minutes before the surgical incision, in order to achieve adequate tissue concentrations. Moreover, the surgical procedures more than two antimicrobial elimination half-lives are extended, another dose should be administered to guarantee bactericidal concentrations in tissues. The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/ PD) to beta-lactams, recommends efficacy parameter t>MIC, between 50 and 80% of the dosing interval to achieve adequate antimicrobial efficacy. No pharmacokinetic studies of CFL in dogs undergoing surgery consider analysis PK / PD and that both anesthesia and the surgical procedure may modify the distribution and / or elimination of the antimicrobial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of the CFL in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy (G2) and compared with a control group not subjected to ovariohysterectomy (G1); on the other hand determine the MIC of this antimicrobial against native strains of Staphylococcus spp. to establish antimicrobial efficacy parameters t>MIC to provide a basis regimens. Three experimental stages were used. In the first, CFL pharmacokinetics was studied in dogs following intravenous administration at single dose of 25 mg / kg; there the concentration-time CFL in G1 and G2 profiles were compared. Antimicrobial concentrations were measured in serum and skin, further for G2, in subcutis, muscle and peritoneum. The second stage was carried out based on a pharmacodynamic study dermal Staphylococcus spp. isolates from healthy animals and determination of their MIC. Finally, in the third stage calculating PK/PD parameters for serum and tissue CFL, with the dosage given in patients undergoing surgical procedures it was performed...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Toxicología y Farmacología, leída el 24/11/2015