Derechos sociales condicionados: una aproximación a la vinculación entre asistencia social y trabajo asalariado
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2023
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El trabajo asalariado se entiende como la pieza fundamental para la participación e inclusión social en las sociedades capitalistas. Sin embargo, en el sistema postfordista actual, el trabajo asalariado se está volviendo escaso e inestable, por lo que cada vez menos sectores de la población pueden lograr unos niveles mínimos de bienestar en base a éste. La respuesta desde las políticas sociales y el Trabajo social ante este nuevo fenómeno se ha visto enormemente influida por las lógicas neoliberales, que pasaron a vincular el disfrute de derechos sociales con demostrar ser merecedor de éstos. Por ello, al igual que ocurrió en otras etapas históricas, las políticas sociales ponen el foco en encontrar empleo como la solución a la pobreza. Así pues, entre los requisitos para recibir prestaciones asistenciales, se impone el realizar programas de activación y búsqueda individual de empleo. Por consiguiente, los sectores más vulnerables no reciben una protección social efectiva y son responsabilizados de los cambios estructurales en el sistema de trabajo. Esto enfrenta al Trabajo Social y a las políticas sociales a nuevos retos en los que se deberá abordar cómo desvincular el derecho a una vida digna de todos los sujetos de su capacidad para vender su fuerza de trabajo.
Wage labour is understood as the building block for social participation and inclusion in capitalist societies. However, in today's post-fordist system, wage labour is becoming scarce and unstable, so that fewer and fewer sectors of the population are able to achieve minimum levels of welfare based on it. The response of social policies and social work to this new phenomenon has been greatly influenced by neoliberal logics, which have come to link the enjoyment of social rights with proving oneself worthy of them. Therefore, as in other historical periods, social policies focus on finding employment as the solution to poverty. Thus, among the requirements for receiving welfare benefits, activation programmes and individual job search are imposed. As a result, the most vulnerable sectors do not receive effective social protection and are held responsible for structural changes in the labour system. This confronts social work and social policies with new challenges in terms of how to decouple the right to a dignified life of all subjects from their ability to sell their labour power.
Wage labour is understood as the building block for social participation and inclusion in capitalist societies. However, in today's post-fordist system, wage labour is becoming scarce and unstable, so that fewer and fewer sectors of the population are able to achieve minimum levels of welfare based on it. The response of social policies and social work to this new phenomenon has been greatly influenced by neoliberal logics, which have come to link the enjoyment of social rights with proving oneself worthy of them. Therefore, as in other historical periods, social policies focus on finding employment as the solution to poverty. Thus, among the requirements for receiving welfare benefits, activation programmes and individual job search are imposed. As a result, the most vulnerable sectors do not receive effective social protection and are held responsible for structural changes in the labour system. This confronts social work and social policies with new challenges in terms of how to decouple the right to a dignified life of all subjects from their ability to sell their labour power.