Epidemiología descriptiva del estado refractivo en población escolar de la Comunidad de Madrid
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2024
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05/06/2023
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Los errores de refracción son una disfunción visual común. La miopía puede llevar a problemas de patología si la magnitud es elevada. El aumento de la miopía que se ha producido en algunos países en las últimas décadas ha dado lugar a una preocupación creciente sobre esta condición visual. En los países asiáticos se alcanzan tasas del 80% a los 15 años y los gobiernos han comenzado hace años a implementar medidas para su prevención desde la edad escolar. El factor que más influye en el porcentaje de miopía de una población es la demanda educativa, por ello, países en los que el sistema educativo es muy exigente tienen altas tasas de miopía, como China, Japón, Singapur, Taiwán, etc. Por el contrario, en países africanos la prevalencia de miopía es baja. No hay muchos datos sobre la prevalencia de miopía en países europeos. En edad escolar está alrededor del 10-20% y en adultos jóvenes entre el 20-30%.El objetivo del estudio era determinar el estado refractivo, la prevalencia de miopía y los factores de riesgo asociados en una muestra de población escolaren la Comunidad de Madrid...
Refractive errors are a common visual dysfunction. Myopia can lead to pathology problems if the magnitude is high. The increase in myopia that has occurred in some countries in recent decades has led to growing concern about this visual condition. In Asian countries, rates of 80% are reached by the age of 15 years and governments have begun years ago to implement measures for its prevention from school age onwards. The factor that most influences the percentage of myopia in a population is the educational demand, which is why countries in which the educational system isvery demanding have high rates of myopia, such as China, Japan, Singapore, Taiwan, etc. On the contrary, in African countries the prevalence of myopia is low. There is not much data on the prevalence of myopia in European countries. In school age it is around 10-20% and in young adults between 20-30%. The aim of the study was to determine the refractive status, prevalence of myopia and associated risk factors in a sample of the school population in the Community of Madrid...
Refractive errors are a common visual dysfunction. Myopia can lead to pathology problems if the magnitude is high. The increase in myopia that has occurred in some countries in recent decades has led to growing concern about this visual condition. In Asian countries, rates of 80% are reached by the age of 15 years and governments have begun years ago to implement measures for its prevention from school age onwards. The factor that most influences the percentage of myopia in a population is the educational demand, which is why countries in which the educational system isvery demanding have high rates of myopia, such as China, Japan, Singapore, Taiwan, etc. On the contrary, in African countries the prevalence of myopia is low. There is not much data on the prevalence of myopia in European countries. In school age it is around 10-20% and in young adults between 20-30%. The aim of the study was to determine the refractive status, prevalence of myopia and associated risk factors in a sample of the school population in the Community of Madrid...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, leída el 05-06-2023