La Unión Europea como actor de seguridad internacional en y con Asia Oriental : Caracterizando el rol de la UE en la cuestión norcoreana
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2025
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12/01/2024
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Esta tesis doctoral se centra en el estudio del papel de la UE como actor de seguridad en y con Asia Oriental, prestando una particular atención al rol europeo en la cuestión norcoreana. Vista la complejidad del tema y la necesidad de abarcar perspectivas y escenarios muy distintos, esta investigación se ha realizado empleando una mezcla de teorías pertenecientes al Realismo en clave crítica, siendo éstas el realismo defensivo y la teoría de Robert Jervis, las teorías de geopolítica y el realismo subalterno. A nivel metodológico se ha decido, de igual modo, optar por el alternarse de distintos métodos, entre los cuales se destacan principalmente el método descriptivo-analítico-sintético y los métodos de análisis de discurso y de contenido. A raíz de la reflexión teórica y la literatura disponible, se ha formulado una hipótesis principal que ha establecido que la Unión se presenta inicialmente como un actor débil en la región de estudio, debido, entre otras cosas, no sólo a las evidentes constricciones sistémicas, sino sobre todo a una percepción errónea con la que la UE ha elaborado su política exterior y estrategia al respecto, así como a la priorización de sus distintos intereses de seguridad en una óptica geopolítica. A través de los instrumentos teóricos y metodológicos seleccionados se ha caracterizado en primer lugar el protagonista de esta tesis, la UE, y en segundo lugar el escenario de seguridad propio de Asia Oriental donde el actor europeo debe sumergirse. Después, se ha continuado con la observación de las relaciones de seguridad UE-Asia Oriental y la presencia europea en la región en la dimensión de seguridad. Por último, se han exa-minado las dinámicas del rol europeo en la península coreana. El análisis hecho ha confirma-do la hipótesis principal evidenciando especialmente las contradicciones y problemas relacionados con las percepciones a menudo erróneas de la UE en su política exterior y las tensiones entre el deseo de presentarse como actor normativo y la realidad de los hechos.
This PhD thesis focuses on the study of the role of the EU as a security actor in and with East Asia, while paying particular attention to the European role in the North Korean issue. Given the complexity of the subject and the need to cover different perspectives and scenarios, this research has been conducted using a combination of theories belonging to Realism from a critical perspective, these being defensive realism and the theory of Robert Jervis, geopolitical theories, as well as subaltern realism. At the methodological level different methods have been employed alternately, being the most important the descriptive-analytical-synthetic method and the methods of discourse and content analysis. As a result of the theoretical reflection and the available literature, a main hypothesis was formulated, which established that the Union initially appears as a weak actor in the region of study, due, among other things, not only to systemic constraints, but also and above all due to a misperception through which the EU has developed its foreign policy and strategy in this regard, as well as the prioritization of its different security interests from a geopolitical perspective. Through the selected theoretical and methodological instruments, the EU, first, and the security sce-nario of East Asia, afterwards, have been characterized. A study of EU-East Asia security re-lations and the European presence in the region in the security dimension has then followed. Finally, the dynamics of the European role in the Korean peninsula have been examined. The analysis carried out has confirmed the main hypothesis, evidencing especially the contradictions and problems related to the misperceptions of the EU in its foreign policy and the tensions between the desire to present itself as a normative actor and the reality of the facts.
This PhD thesis focuses on the study of the role of the EU as a security actor in and with East Asia, while paying particular attention to the European role in the North Korean issue. Given the complexity of the subject and the need to cover different perspectives and scenarios, this research has been conducted using a combination of theories belonging to Realism from a critical perspective, these being defensive realism and the theory of Robert Jervis, geopolitical theories, as well as subaltern realism. At the methodological level different methods have been employed alternately, being the most important the descriptive-analytical-synthetic method and the methods of discourse and content analysis. As a result of the theoretical reflection and the available literature, a main hypothesis was formulated, which established that the Union initially appears as a weak actor in the region of study, due, among other things, not only to systemic constraints, but also and above all due to a misperception through which the EU has developed its foreign policy and strategy in this regard, as well as the prioritization of its different security interests from a geopolitical perspective. Through the selected theoretical and methodological instruments, the EU, first, and the security sce-nario of East Asia, afterwards, have been characterized. A study of EU-East Asia security re-lations and the European presence in the region in the security dimension has then followed. Finally, the dynamics of the European role in the Korean peninsula have been examined. The analysis carried out has confirmed the main hypothesis, evidencing especially the contradictions and problems related to the misperceptions of the EU in its foreign policy and the tensions between the desire to present itself as a normative actor and the reality of the facts.
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, leída el 12-01-2024