La lucha por la representación: movimiento de mujeres y cuotas electorales. El caso de México 2012

Abstract

Al año 2016 las mujeres están presentes en apenas el 22.70% de los escaños de los parlamentos en el mundo, mientras que en una tercera parte de los países, la representación femenina en el Poder Legislativo nacional no alcanza el 10%. Sin embargo, para conformar una masa crítica que logre incidir en la agenda legislativa o ser una minoría con fuerza se requiere al menos un 30% de personas.La región de América Latina se constituye como segunda zona con mayor representación parlamentaria de mujeres al tiempo de haber experimentado una ola favorable de representación de mujeres en espacios de poder con la llegada de cuatro mujeres a la Presidencia de la República y de haber integrado el principio jurídico de la paridad en las constituciones de Costa Rica, Bolivia, Ecuador y México...

In 2016 women were present in only 22.70% of the world’s parliamentary seats, while in athird of countries, the female representation in the National Legislative Branch does not evenreach 10%. However, in order to reach a critical mass that influences the legislative agendaor to be a strong minority in the assemblies, at least 30% of people are needed.The region of Latin America is the second area with the highest parliamentary representationof women, thanks to a favorable wave of representation of women in power spaces with thearrival of four women to Presidencies and the integration of the legal principle of parity inthe constitutions of Costa Rica, Bolivia, Ecuador and Mexico.In particular, in Mexico, a critical mass has been achieved in the Congress of the Union -made up of the House of Senators and the Chamber of Deputies - upon incrementing to 37%of female legislators since 2012.This may mean, that despite the difficult reality faced by Mexican women, it is possible tobreak the thick glass ceiling, the invisible barrier of symbolic, imaginary and real nature inwomen's careers.Thus, the objective of this research is to explain how it was possible to increase therepresentation of the women in the Congress of the Union - Parliament - in Mexico...